The project relies on two large scale data-collections hosted by the University of Antwerp. The POLPOP II Elite Survey and the POLPOP II Citizen Survey. Both datasets were conducted in thirteen European countries: Australia, Canada, Czechia, Denmark, Flanders (Belgium), Germany, Israel, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland and, Wallonia (Belgium). The data collection of the citizen survey was conducted by Dynata and the elite data was collected by all partner universities. More information on the data collection process can be found in the fieldwork rapport. The data collection took place between 7 February 2022 and 4 May 2023. More information on the data collection process can be found in the fieldwork summary report, the elite survey codebook, and the citizens code book.