A high prevalence of Nodding syndrome (NS) and other forms of epilepsy has been observed in onchocerciasis endemic regions in Africa for decades. To improve the quality of life of the affected populations, there is an urgent need to unravel the relationship between these epileptic disorders and onchocerciasis (river blindness), and to design treatment and prevention strategies. Furthermore, organisations and researchers involved in onchocerciasis control/research need to join forces with those involved in treatment/research of epilepsy.