Research Enis Ukshini

Abstract

The complex shape of the saxophone mouthpiece has a crucial influence on the instrument's unique sound and playability. The sound is generated by a highly complicated interplay between the mechanics of a vibrating reed and the hydrodynamic properties of the mouthpiece cavity. Advanced computer models have been proposed to gain insight into this system, but essential input data are lacking. This project will use a state-of-the-art pressure-sensitive paint technique to image the pressure distribution inside the mouthpiece. A custom-built stroboscopic system in combination with special fast-responding paint will make it possible to perform time-resolved measurements. These will allow to unravel the phase relationship between mouthpiece pressure and reed motion and to calculate the actual driving force on the reed over its surface. The data will complement a study on the relationship between the physical performance of the mouthpiece and the artistic application. Insight into the fundamental relationships between mouthpiece shape and instrument sound will open up possibilities to implement 3D printing to fabricate entirely new mouthpiece shapes, which will overcome the shortcomings of current designs.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Ukshini Enis

Research team(s)

• Biomedical Physics

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The sound of reed musical instruments is strongly influenced by the design of the mouthpiece, and the saxophone is a prime example. To date, mouthpiece playing characteristics are described in qualitative terms, and objective quantitative parameters are lacking. 3D printing techniques bring entirely new design possibilities for mouthpiece shapes, but efficient procedures are needed to test the effects on artistic performance. First, this project will investigate the effect of design alterations on the pressure distribution in the mouthpiece and on the dynamics of the reed. Next, a group of players and listeners will subjectively evaluate performance of existing designs, and advanced sound engineering methods will be used to link subjective evaluation to objective sound parameters. Then, an automated saxophone setup will be used to measure quantitative performance characteristics. These will be linked to the objective and subjective performance parameters obtained with musicians. As a result, the design process of mouthpieces will be strongly accelerated, and mouthpiece characteristics will be defined in objective measurable parameters. As a final test, the shortened design loop will be tested to create a mouthpiece with improved playability, which will accelerate the learning curve of young players. The workflow developed in the project will pave the road towards entirely new mouthpiece designs and sound characteristics, which offer a new range of artistic possibilities.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Dirckx Joris
• Fellow: Ukshini Enis

Research team(s)

• Biomedical Physics

Project website

Project type(s)

• Research Project