Abstract
Self-bound states in free space such as droplets can exist when attractive forces (collapsing the system) and repulsive forces (expanding the system) balance each other out. In ultracold atomic gases the stabilizing force can be provided by quantum fluctuations, the resulting object is called a quantum droplet. Moreover in quantum gases the interatomic interactions can be tuned experimentally. Nevertheless experimental realization of quantum droplets remains challenging due to their finite lifetime. In this project we will investigate the lifetime and dynamics of quantum droplets taking into account three-body losses as well as quantum evaporation, and calculate the stability phase diagram. To enhance the lifetime of quantum droplets we propose to strongly confine them to the quasi one-dimensional regime, where three-body losses are smaller. We investigate the properties in one dimension as well as the optimal cross-over protocol from 3D to 1D. Finally we will also investigate the fractionalization transition between a single large droplet and many small droplets, expected to occur at a critical temperature. This project will shed new light on the nature of quantum fluctuations and provide pathways for the experimental realization of long lived quantum droplets in one dimension.
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