Research Patrick Meire

Abstract

TURQUOISE is an interdisciplinary research project on the potential of blue-green strategies for climate adaptation. To properly plan, implement and scale up blue-green solutions, more knowledge is needed on the one hand about the effectiveness (or side-effects) of measures both at local and larger scales and on the other hand how much is needed to reduce drought risk to an acceptable level. In the period between 2017 and 2020, the Flemish Region has experienced prolonged periods of drought. These droughts have led to serious problems, which made it clear that we are insufficiently prepared for water scarcity and drought. A proactive, ecosystem-based approach to increase water availability is needed. In practice, it has proved to be challenging to understand how to best plan, implement and scale blue-green solutions. Little is known about 1) the effectiveness (or side-effects) of these measures on a larger scale and 2) how much is needed to reduce the drought risk to an acceptable level. Most initiatives are driven from a sectoral viewpoint, leading to missed synergies and opportunities. This results in fragmented visions and implementations, and ultimately a non-resilient water landscape. TURQUOISE therefore aims to co-create and field test a decision-support framework to facilitate planning and increase the implementation rate of blue-green adaptation strategies. The decision-support framework is composed of an indicator set, target values, design guidelines, a technoeconomic impact assessment and identification of governance processes and implementation levers. The decision-support framework allows to quantify how robust a geographic area is to drought, how much the robustness has to be improved to lower the risk of water scarcity to an acceptable level and what blue-green investments are needed to achieve the robustness targets. The four blue-green solutions addressed in TURQUOISE are the restoration of (former) depressional wetlands, controlled hydraulic (drainage) systems, field infiltration ponds and infiltration reservoirs with active intake from rivers for irrigation and groundwater recharge. The decision-support framework is codeveloped and validated in four pilot sites where the implementation of blue-green strategies is ongoing.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Promoter: Staes Jan
• Co-promoter: Staes Jan

Research team(s)

• Ecosphere

Project website

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This study project includes research into the effects of human interventions in the Sea Scheldt on the environment. More specifically, the effects of the Sigma plan, dredging activities and port expansion in the Zeeschelde are monitored.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Maris Tom
• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

• Ecosphere

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

ANAEE will provide Europe with a distributed and coordinated set of experimental, analytical and modelling platforms to analyse and predict in a precise manner the response of the main continental ecosystems to environmental and land use changes. ANAEE will consist of highly equipped in natura and in vitro experimental platforms associated with sophisticated analytical and modelling platforms, under a European umbrella of supranational entities. At UAntwerp these platforms will include both terrestrial and aquatic experimental facilities.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Nijs Ivan
• Co-promoter: Blust Ronny
• Co-promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

• Plant and Ecosystems (PLECO) - Ecology in a time of change

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Enviromics is a multidisciplinary consortium of UAntwerpen researchers across the board of environmental sciences and technologies. Through impactful fundamental advances and interdisciplinary approaches across biology, (bio)chemistry and (bio)engineering, the consortium offers bio based solutions to ecosystem challenges by a strong interaction between three pillars (i) Environmental applications and nature based solutions, (ii) Sensing and analysis of chemicals and environments and (iii) Microbial technology and biomaterials, supported by sustainable product development and technology assessment. Through a renewed and tighter focus the ENVIROMICS consortium now signs for a leaner and more dynamic shape. Through intensified collaborations with different stakeholders, both national and international, the leverage for creating enhanced business and societal impact is reinforced. The consortium is strongly managed by a team of two highly profiled researchers partnered by an IOF manager and a project manager with clearly defined tasks and in close contact with the consortium members and the central Valorisation Unit of the university. The consortium has a strong and growing IP position, mainly on environmental/electrochemical sensing and microbial probiotics, two key points of the research and applications program. One spinoff was created in 2017 and two more will be setup in the coming three years. The direct interaction with product developers ensures delivering high TRL products. Next to a growing portfolio of industrial contracts, we create tangible societal impact, when relevant including citizen science approaches. Through the stronger leverage created by the new structure and partnerships we will develop both intertwined branches significantly.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Blust Ronny
• Co-promoter: De Wael Karolien
• Co-promoter: Dries Jan
• Co-promoter: Du Bois Els
• Co-promoter: Lebeer Sarah
• Co-promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Meysman Filip
• Co-promoter: Samson Roeland
• Co-promoter: Schoelynck Jonas
• Co-promoter: Vandermoere Frederic
• Co-promoter: Vlaeminck Siegfried
• Fellow: Dardenne Freddy

Research team(s)

• Ecosphere

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Conservation of ecosystem functioning in estuaries is vital for ecological and social sustainability as they connect the marine and terrestrial environments and are one of the most productive habitats on earth. Primary production by phytoplankton is the base to the food web and thus is an extremely important function. In hyper-turbid light-limited estuaries, it is mainly influenced by light, resident time and temperature. Waterway maintenance (dredging) has the potential to negatively affect primary production by increasing turbidity, thus reducing light-climate. Scientific understanding and good monitoring are necessary for science-based adaptive-management. Knowledge of short-term fluctuation's effects on primary production is lacking, due to traditional water-quality monitoring missing these events with periodic monthly sampling frequencies. To minimize their impact on primary production, an understanding of short-term dynamics is necessary for waterway managers to regulate the locations and timings of their interventions. I will for the first time combine the use of high-frequency continuous sampled, periodic long-term sampled and satellite remote-sensed water quality data to understand the short-term dynamics between primary production, turbidity, flow and temperature in the Scheldt Estuary. This will be used to develop best management practices for mitigation of negative effects on primary production from waterway maintenance.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Maris Tom
• Fellow: Gelsomini Pali Felice

Research team(s)

• Ecosphere

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The SUMES project aims to develop a comprehensive model to assess the impact of human-induced changes on the marine ecosystem and beyond. The model investigates the structure (e.g. biodiversity) and function (e.g. food chains, biogeochemistry) of the marine ecosystem, its capacity to provide goods and services (e.g. sequestration of carbon) and the effect of activities on the aforementioned aspects. The model integrates Ecosystem Services, Risk Assessment and Life Cycle Assessment methods and indicators, which will be aggregated at the level of U+2018endpointsU+2019 or U+2018Areas of ProtectionU+2019, and serves therefore as a decision support model. The objective is to gain improved knowledge of cause-effect chains, with human activities being the stressor or cause, and the effects are the impact on local (to a specific marine ecosystem), regional (e.g. the North Sea) and global (to humans and nature) scale. A thorough understanding and quantification of the mechanisms is currently lacking in scientific literature, especially for the marine environment. Validation of the model is based on case studies related to the Belgian Continental Shelf (BCS).

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

• Ecosphere

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Microphytobenthos (MPB), the algae that inhabit the intertidal mudflats, are important for the functioning of estuarine ecosystems. Their high primary production is critical, producing oxygen and sustaining the highly biodiverse estuarine food web. MPB community also excrete sticky substances that decrease sediment resuspension in the water column and increase the light climate needed for primary production. Unfortunately, these mudflats are under thread of increased hydrodynamic stress due to, amongst others, increased tidal amplitude by sea level rise and management such as channel deepening. In the Scheldt estuary there has been a strong increase in turbidity of the water column, negatively affecting the primary production. Legislations enforce the maintenance of a healthy ecosystem and therefore we need good understanding of the role of biological components, such as MPB, in estuarine ecosystem functioning. The MPB community in estuaries varies over the salinity gradient, and of some algal groups their effect on ecosystem functioning remains hardly studied. Furthermore, the importance of small-scale variation in benthic primary production (BPP) on ecosystem scale needs to be identified. Therefore, this project will tackle the central knowledge gaps: 1) quantify the benthic primary production, 2) relate this sediment stabilization potential and 3) implement these functions in a calculation tool for ecosystem functioning.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Cox Tom
• Fellow: Bas Dorian

Research team(s)

• Ecosphere

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

ANAEE will provide Europe with a distributed and coordinated set of experimental, analytical and modelling platforms to analyse and predict in a precise manner the response of the main continental ecosystems to environmental and land use changes. ANAEE will consist of highly equipped in natura and in vitro experimental platforms associated with sophisticated analytical and modelling platforms, under a European umbrella of supranational entities. At UAntwerp these platforms will include both terrestrial and aquatic experimental facilities.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Nijs Ivan
• Co-promoter: Blust Ronny
• Co-promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

• Plant and Ecosystems (PLECO) - Ecology in a time of change

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Climate change projections point towards dryer summers. This will lead to a higher demand for water production. The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of drainage on the (water) regulating functions of upstream depressional wetlands (UDWs). We hypothesize that undrained UDWs are particularly important for groundwater recharge. Typically, undrained UDWs respond quickly to both wet and dry periods. They inundate only following periods of rainfall surplus, but their water levels also gradually drop when there is a rainfall deficit. I want to investigate how much water they can buffer and where that water ends up. First, I will use geographic datasets to map the potential occurrence and status UDWs in the Campine region. After conducting field surveys, I will select two well-drained sites and two poorly drained sites which will be intensively monitored during two years. This monitoring data will allow me to make a detailed and rigorous assessment of the regulating services that are affected by drainage management, such as climate regulation and water purification. To make this as tangible as possible to stakeholders, I will use the models to quantify the "deferred infiltration" that took place at these sites preceding major drought episodes. To evaluate the strategic importance of my research, I will assess restoration scenarios for UDWs at the scale of the Campine Region. Finally, I will disseminate my findings to the water sector and initiate follow-up projects.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Fellow: Broeckx Annelies

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

In this project, the conditions for native fish to be used as biological control in restored tidal marshes is investigated. Using native fish may not only be extremely cost-effective, improving the conditions will also improve restored flooding areas as habitats for fish at the same time. Information will be collected on the current distribution and habitat preferences of nuisance species and native fish communities in three flooding areas along the Scheldt estuary. The first is a flooding area which had very recent serious outbreaks of midges. This area is connected to a second and neighboring a third flooding area, which both have a different design as the first and which have no issues with outbreaks. The collected field information will be combined with experiments that look at which factors can help fish to eat more nuisance species and to create habitat suitability models. These are models that can be used to predict the risk of nuisance species outbreaks. They will also show the conditions that are important for fish in flooding areas. These models can be used to evaluate and potentially improve any of the flooding areas in Flanders and abroad. They will be made public to policymakers and project managers and companies involved in the construction and restoration of flooding areas to be used as a tool for controlling nuisance species and improving flooding areas for fish.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Schoelynck Jonas
• Fellow: Franquet Sam

Research team(s)

• Ecosphere

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Collaboration between PIDPA and UAntwerpen for supporting research that focuses on restoring raw water resources through landscape restoration. Such research is part of the central mission of PIDPA to protect future potential drinking water sites. The aim of the support is to enable research activities that are synergetic with the Interreg project PROWATER, which stands for 'protecting and restoring raw water sources through actions at the landscape scale', and contributes to climate adaptation by restoring the water storage of the landscape via 'ecosystem-based adaptation measures'. UAntwerpen fulfills a crucial role by taking on the substantive coordination and scientific underpinning of this project.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Blust Ronny

Research team(s)

• Ecosphere

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The cross-border project PROWATER stands for 'protecting and restoring raw water sources through actions at the landscape scale', and contributes to climate adaptation by restoring the water storage of the landscape via 'ecosystem-based adaptation measures'. Examples of this are forest conversion, natural water retention or restoration of soil compaction. These interventions increase resilience against droughts and floods and benefit water quality and biodiversity. During the next years project partners in Flanders, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom will carry out various exemplary projects on site and will showcase them to the public. The benefits of the measures will be identified so that a 'Payment for Ecosystem Services' model can be developed. Based on this model, organizations that take measures to combat water scarcity can receive compensation. In return, they provide services to society by improving the quality of the living environment. Finally, the project wants to close the information gap with policy and the water user, by developing a vision to tackle water scarcity and drought risks in the long term.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Staes Jan

Research team(s)

• Ecosphere

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The aim of this assignment is to develop a road map for the preparation and implementation of integrated socio-economic impact analyzes of nature restoration and development projects. These analyzes focus on the impact of nature restoration and development measures on the local economy (economic impact) and local society (social impact) and on socially relevant ecosystem services. More specifically, this assignment covers three objectives: ● The development of a methodology to carry out the aforementioned integrated socio-economic impact analyzes for nature restoration and development projects in a pragmatic and cost-efficient manner and to generate indicators for further analyzes on effectiveness; ● The application of this methodology to five case studies in Flanders and Wallonia to test and tighten the methodology on the one hand and to illustrate the socio-economic impact of the BNIP on the other hand; ● Developing the methodology into a widely applicable scenario for integrated socio-economic impact analyzes in the context of a range of nature restoration and development projects, suitable for selecting and prioritizing future projects, and having specific measures assessed by policy makers and stakeholders. The intended scenario will allow a project leader of nature development projects to: ● Prepare a cost-effective and pragmatic plan of action for a socio-economic impact assessment in the context of European and other grant applications; ● To be able to carry out an impact evaluation efficiently (or have it carried out); ● A cutlery quickly and efficiently

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

his research initially aims to quantify the plastic flux on the scale of a complete basin, from the smaller tributaries, effluents from water purification stations, docks and canals to the estuary and the sea. Where are the largest sources of plastic waste? What is the residence time of this waste? Are there sinks, zones with long retention of plastic waste in the river system? Quantification of the plastic flux through the entire continuum from the basin to the mouth is essential for the elaboration of an efficient remediation strategy. This study is limited to the macroplastics. After all, relatively realistic removal strategies can still be designed for this fraction, the ultimate goal of this project. In addition, a large part of the microplastics is caused by disintegration of macroplastics. By macroplastics we mean pieces of plastic such as bottles, plastic bags, ropes, .... Plastic pellets will also receive extra attention, since these are sometimes prominently present in the water and on the bank in the Scheldt and the port area. The second objective of this research project is to look for an efficient remediation. Where can you intervene, and how? This project does not aim to develop technical constructions itself, but the effect of existing technologies can be estimated. For example: What effect does a limitation of overflow on the total plastic flux to the North Sea have? Which fraction can be caught with a floating position in the port? The Scheldt basin is selected as a case. To answer the research questions, a monitoring network is developed. Plastic waste is collected at dams, locks, water purification plants, etc. In this way, plastic fluxes from sub-basins, docks, ... can be calculated and an estimate is made of the total flux towards the estuary. In the estuary, the stock is determined by plastic (by means of a deviation) and point measurements (eg cooling water intake points) are used to estimate the flux.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Blust Ronny
• Co-promoter: Van Damme Stefan

Research team(s)

• Ecosphere

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The Scheldt estuary is significantly changing due to both climate change and human interventions, like fairway deepening, harbor expansion, etc. Recent monitoring results show a strong increase in turbidity and therefore the fear the system will evolve into a hyper turbid system arises. Since light availability is essential for algae growth, the foundation of the food chain, the evolution to a hyper turbid system can have a drastic impact on all life in the estuary. This worrying increase in turbidity in combination with strong (European) legislation regarding the (ecological) functioning of the Scheldt estuary results in an urgent and strong demand for insight and tools to understand and predict the impact of climate change and (future) human interventions on turbidity and algae growth. Feedback processes between turbidity and algae need explicitly to be taken into account. Therefore the proposal's aim is to study: 1. The impact of turbidity and sediment transport on algae growth 2. Conversely, the impact of algae growth on turbidity and sediment transport. I hypothesize that a sticky substance produced by algae can cause the sediment to flocculate which might have a significant impact on turbidity patterns This proposal will finally result in: 1. Further development of a recent technique to estimate in situ algae growth towards a cost efficient real time monitoring tool 2. A state of the art estuarine model coupling sediment transport and hydrodynamics with algae growth

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Cox Tom
• Fellow: Horemans Dante

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

he participation in an ESFRI / ANAEE comprises, as our component, the construction of infrastructure and facilities for aquatic research at mesocosm and ecosystem level. This concerns, among other things, the construction of a so-called Flume in the mesocosm facility that was previously acquired with the support of the Hercules Fund. We provide a researcher and technician for the supervision of the construction, the installation of the measuring equipment and the subsequent test phases. During the construction, a lot of technical aspects are discussed and a permanent follow-up is necessary to avoid having to deal with problems afterwards. to sit. . This includes both the purely technical aspects as well as the substantive aspects such as preparing the experiments

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

INTERTIDE brings together scientists from North West European estuaries that are meso-macrotidal and impacted by human activities, with a long-term data history. We will create a meta-data overview on available data series, coordinate data uniformization and data management that will result in a unique central repository on geomorphological, hydrodynamic and ecological parameters. We will organize multiple thematic meetings to tackle specific questions that are already identified as overarching crucial issues by the participants in this project.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The aim is to draw up differentiated guidelines for effective and cost-efficient small-scale management and maintenance of stream systems (stream and valley), making use of or responding to natural processes, whether or not supported by additional (small-scale) design measures. These guidelines describe the nature, scope, spread over locations, frequency, timing and execution of the named actions. The subgoals are: • Knowledge-building nature-oriented, local management measures (differentiated mowing of streams and streams and the targeted introduction of dead wood, preferably linked to shadows), which are connected with the natural processes in brooks that occur on a higher scale in the catchment area. In this way, specific natural values ​​in brook and stream valley are reinforced or restored. • Developing new knowledge by means of experiments on restoring and strengthening habitat variation and - stability through differentiated management of the stream and the banks to renew and strengthen the existing knowledge based on empirical data. • Communicating existing and new knowledge to management practice.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Schoelynck Jonas

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Ecosystem losses and degradation is in contrast with the increasing knowledge on the importance of resilient ecosystems to coop with disturbances (e.g. climate change) and to deliver goods and services to society (e.g. food and protection). Managing ecosystems to restore them and deliver particular benefits is challenging because of bio-physical and social complexities. The concept of ecosystem services (ES) offers a framework to make the linkages between ecological and socioeconomic properties and processes. Despite rapid developments in ES research, still no consensus exists on how to measure ES and integrate natural and human sciences. This research project investigates how to calculate the supply and demand of ES as a necessary step for more accurate evaluation of management strategies for the case of estuaries. Five steps are followed: (1) unravel the bio-physical complexity to develop quantitative (and measurable) indicators for the supply of ES, (2) unravel the socio-economic complexity to develop quantitative indicators for the demand and use of ES, (3) develop a qualitative model, based on input from step 1 and 2, as a first step to integrate complex natural and human science aspects, (4) balance supply and demand for ES to identify management needs and opportunities, and (5) develop a tiered method for an ES-based evaluation of management strategies that incorporates complex estuarine ecosystem functioning and stakeholder benefits.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Van Passel Steven
• Fellow: Boerema Annelies

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The aim of the project is to develop an ecosystem service tool that reveals the relationship between sediment management and the ecosystem services provided. Management based on a balanced delivery of ecosystem services contributes to the restoration or maintenance of a robust, resilient ecosystem. Such ecosystem services management requires integral thinking, encompassing both the complex ecological system and the socio-economic system

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

In an attempt to restore the water quality in tidal rivers, governments around the world invest a lot of money in reconverting reclaimed agricultural land to tidal marshes. In North-West Europe, more than 140 tidal marshes have already been restored and scientists predict that many more will follow in the coming decades. Nevertheless, there is growing evidence that restored tidal marshes do not contribute to the water quality improving function to the same extent as natural marshes. Researchers found that due to the historical agricultural land use, the soil got compacted, hindering the flow of groundwater in the area. The reduced groundwater flow is thus probably the reason for the observed difference in water quality improvement. Nevertheless, the differences in groundwater dynamics between restored and natural tidal marshes are still poorly understood. In this research, we want to unravel this missing link. We will study the soil properties, the groundwater flow and the nutrient fluxes at the same time in both a natural and a restored marsh along the Scheldt estuary in Belgium. We will use these results to develop a computer model. With this model, we will determine the optimal soil properties of restored marshes in order to optimize their effect on water quality improvement. In cooperation with the water engineering sector, we will translate the optimum to viable design criteria that will ameliorate the water quality improving function of future restored tidal marshes.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Temmerman Stijn
• Co-promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Seuntjens Piet Dfe
• Co-promoter: Verreydt Goedele
• Fellow: Van Putte Niels

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

It is known that water plants interact with flow and can therefore significantly influence hydrological and biogeochemical processes. Numerical models are mathematical tools to integrate large amount of data to understand complex processes in river ecosystems. Yet very few of the existing models are capable of implementing aquatic vegetation and their role is mostly neglected. The current project, called FLASHMOB (FLuxes Affected by Stream Hydrophytes: Modelling Of Biogeochemistry), proposes a unique combination of a Belgian-Austrian team to combine expertise in numerical modelling with fieldwork and lab experiments. We hypothesize that the interaction between plants (in-stream vegetation) and water flow (hydrodynamic conditions) is key in determining production, downstream transport/retention and transformation of organic matter and associated nutrients. An existing model (DELWAQ) was adapted to floodplain sections of the Danube River and forms the ideal basis for integrating the role of water plants in river systems. Organic matter dynamics and aquatic primary production in the current model are coupled to dynamic surface exchange conditions. The first step is to implement the role of in-stream vegetation in a more explicit way including feedback processes through a stepwise and iterative work plan calculating the specific effects of each aspect of plant-flow interaction separately. Finally, all steps are combined and the total net effect of in-stream vegetation on water quality and –quantity of larger river sections (sub basin scale) can be quantified and used for predictions of future development of river ecosystems.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Schoelynck Jonas

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

ANAEE will provide Europe with a distributed and coordinated set of experimental, analytical and modelling platforms to analyse and predict in a precise manner the response of the main continental ecosystems to environmental and land use changes. ANAEE will consist of highly equipped in natura and in vitro experimental platforms associated with sophisticated analytical and modelling platforms, under a European umbrella of supranational entities. At UAntwerp these platforms will include both terrestrial and aquatic experimental facilities.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Nijs Ivan
• Co-promoter: Blust Ronny
• Co-promoter: Ceulemans Reinhart
• Co-promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

• Plant and Ecosystems (PLECO) - Ecology in a time of change

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

research in recent years has shown the complex interwovenness of hydrodynamics, morphodynamics and ecological functioning of the Scheldt estuary. This complexity together with the large-scale changes (both land and water management in the river basin and climate change) confront the manager with ever-increasing problems and challenges. That is why it is crucial to have the best possible insight into the functioning of the system so that these control measures can be taken to achieve the intended goal by maximizing the functioning of the system or in other words by using the natural as much as possible. making processes contribute to achieving the goals. This research focuses on both physical system characteristics and the estimation of the benthic primary production.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

• Ecosphere

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The aim of this study is to select ecosystem services related to the water system and its environment. The identification of indicators for ecosystem services based on an inventory of available input and the development of calculation rules for the quantification of ecosystem services. In addition, a calculation tool will be developed with which the indicators of ecosystem services can be calculated by local water managers and infographics to clearly and visually summarize the information.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The main aim of this sabbatical leave is to make a synthesis of the enormous amount of data collected over the last 20 years. A detailed analysis of long term trend swill be performed and the complex interactions between hydrodynamics, morphology and ecology will be studied in detail.Then the observed patterns for the Schelde will be compared with other estuaries. It is the overall goal to compile and translate these insights into a broad vision for ecosystem based adaptation and management of estuaries in response to global changes.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The proof-of-concept project includes the scalable prototyping of the iFLUXProspector, an integrated modular passive flux sampler for environmental research and management, designed for direct installation in the subsoil. The project results from the IOF-SBO project 'IFLUX'. It frames in the valorization of the iFLUX technology as a spin-off business venture, developed by the University of Antwerp and the Flemish Institute for Technological Research.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Goethijn Frank
• Co-promoter: Verreydt Goedele

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand VLIR. UA provides VLIR research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Ecosystems are the critical infrastructure that provides mankind with multiple essential services. A change from one land-use to another (e.g. palmiet wetlands to agriculture) may result in trade-offs, or synergies between different ecosystem services. As land globally becomes an increasingly limited resource, there is greater emphasis being placed on whether ecosystems are being used optimally, in terms of their potential to provide services. Therefore a strong theoretical and empirical understanding of how ecosystems are structured, how they function and how this links to the delivery of ecosystem services is crucial in order to optimize the benefits to mankind. Since plant functional traits have been shown to correlate strongly with ecosystem function, plant functional diversity can be used as an indicator of ecosystem services. Functional groupings of plant species can also be discriminated using hyperspectral remote sensing techniques, allowing the spatial variation in ecosystem services to be understood. In addition to understanding ecosystems, robust measurements of both the stocks and flows of ecosystem services for different land-uses are required for decision makers. Of all ecosystems, wetlands are considered to be one of the richest in terms of services provided, and yet the complexity of wetland ecology has resulted in them being the least studied system. South African wetlands are not well understood and many of these wetlands are in decline. This PhD research will focus on palmiet wetlands in the Western and Eastern Cape of South Africa, with the overarching aim of quantifying ecosystem services and using plant functional traits to map spatial patterns in these services. Five ecosystem services will be investigated in this research: water purification, water regulation, soil quality, soil retention and climate regulation.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Fellow: Rebelo Alanna Jane

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Ecosystems sustain society by providing natural resources and socio-economic services. Understanding their functioning is thus vital for accurate projections of, among others, global climate and food production and prerequisite to drawing up policies for sustainable management of the planet. This proposal therefore aims at creating the scientific breakthroughs needed to make major advances in understanding of several critical processes that determine the functioning of ecosystems and their interactions with ongoing changes in climate and in resource availabilities. The overarching, long-term goal is to understand ecosystem functioning sufficiently well so that we can, in collaboration with modelling groups, confidently project how ecosystem functioning and services will change in the near and distant future. To pursue this goal, the following four research lines will be prioritized when allocating the Methusalem funding: 1. Obtaining a quantitative understanding of plant carbon allocation to growth, energy production (respiration), and nutrient acquisition (fine roots, root exudation, root symbionts). 2. Improving insight in, and measurements of, biomass production. 3. Better understanding soil carbon dynamics and sequestration. 4. Understanding spatial and temporal variation in carbon and greenhouse gas balances at ecosystem to regional scale and attribution to drivers. In each of these research lines, we aim to understand the mechanisms underlying the global and local spatial variation as well as those underlying the long-term trends and short-term temporal patterns. Focus is on how Global Changes (climate change including extreme events, increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration, nitrogen deposition, etc.) are affecting ecosystem processes and functioning. Many projects will be conducted with the research group of the Methusalem Chair at the University of Hasselt as prioritized partners.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Janssens Ivan
• Co-promoter: Matthysen Erik
• Co-promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Nijs Ivan
• Co-promoter: Temmerman Stijn

Research team(s)

• Plant and Ecosystems (PLECO) - Ecology in a time of change

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The study aims at capturing the biotic (phytobenthos, zooplankton, phytoplankton and the vegetation) and abiotic (pond morphology and water quality) situation of the fish pits of Kempynck approx. 5 years after the execution of the works (the largest works have been carried out in the autumn of 2009, but a number of important adaptation works were only carried out in 2011). To this end, the contractor will carry out a number of inventories in each of the 7 wells. In addition, these results are compared with the initial situation and it is checked whether the desired developments as a result of the design measures occur and summarized recommendations for further management of the fish pits.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Van Damme Stefan

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The further development, of the design for the Iflux sampler prototype based on the current Iflux sampler design. The production, assembly and researching and testing of the diffrent aspects, such as : usability, technicity, safety, regulations, quality and so on. Preparation of the I flux manual.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The aim of this project is to develop and implement a methodology to strengthen area-oriented ecosystem services in the development of a climate-healthy landscape and a robust green-blue approach to the Maarkebeek valley.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

An increasing demand from different sectors for the combined determination of multiple parameter mass fluxes led to the development of an integrated flux measuring instrument, the I flux sampler. The I flux technology focuses on the total mass flux determination of multiple parameter types. This project aims to prepare for the launch of Iflux as a spin-off

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Fellow: Verreydt Goedele

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Water level management in Flemish polder areas is under debate between nature conservation agencies and the agricultural industry. Mostly, current water level management follows an unnatural system with severe drainage during winter and stowing of water during summer. In ECOBE, we aim to broaden the scope of this debate by the quantification and modeling of the delivery of ecosystem services of Flemish polder areas in relation to alternative water level management regimes. This study will thus provide a much needed tool to assess ecosystem services under different water level management practices, allowing for a more extensive view on management by including objective and socially relevant arguments.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Fellow: Van Roie Martijn

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Climate change seems inevitable over the next few decades. The RCP6.0 scenario of the IPCC predicts the atmospheric CO2 concentration to double by 2100, and the associated climatic shifts will affect many ecosystems. However freshwater ecosystems are poorly studied compared to their terrestrial counterparts, and therefore we are uncertain as to how these systems will respond to climate change. On the other hand it is well established that the predicted changes in precipitation – longer droughts and more extreme rainfall events – will affect rivers and wetlands tremendously. Aquatic plants are some of the key primary producers in these rivers, which govern (i) the aquatic food web (plant material consumed by decomposers) and (ii) biogeochemical processing (nutrient and carbon cycling). Enhanced CO2 and increased nutrient concentrations may lead to an increase in the production of these aquatic plants. Yet the more severe flood pulses are likely to affect plant survival, leading to increased plant mortality and therefore an increase in litter in the system. Climate change may also affect aquatic ecosystems by affecting plants nutrient stoichiometry. Both plant quantity and quality are key driving factors for the aquatic decomposers' food web, which would have knock-on effects for the entire food web. We hypothesize that the performance of macro-invertebrates and bacteria may change, which leads to changing decomposition rates and a direct impact on nutrient and carbon cycling.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Fellow: Schoelynck Jonas

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The proof-of-concept project includes the prototyping of the iFLUXsampler, an integrated modular passive flux sampler for environmental research and management, designed for use in a groundwater monitoring well. The project results from the IOF-SBO project 'IFLUX'. It frames in the valorization of the iFLUX technology as a spin-off business venture, developed by the University of Antwerp and the Flemish Institute for Technological Research.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Goethijn Frank
• Co-promoter: Verreydt Goedele

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand VLIR. UA provides VLIR research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

LANDMARK is a pan-European multi-actor consortium of leading academic and applied research institutes, chambers of agriculture and policy makers that will develop a coherent framework for soil management aimed at sustainable food production across Europe. The LANDMARK proposal builds on the concept that soils are a finite resource that provides a range of ecosystem services known as "soil functions". Functions relating to agriculture include: primary productivity, water regulation & purification, carbon-sequestration & regulation, habitat for biodiversity and nutrient provision & cycling. Trade-offs between these functions may occur: for example, management aimed at maximising primary production may inadvertently affect the 'water purification' or 'habitat' functions. This has led to conflicting management recommendations and policy initiatives. There is now an urgent need to develop a coherent scientific and practical framework for the sustainable management of soils. LANDMARK will uniquely respond to the breadth of this challenge.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Staes Jan

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The evolution of the water quality and ecological functioning of the Scheldt estuary are monitored since 1996 in the frame of the OMES project, coordinated by P. Meire, ECOBE, UAntwerp. This monitoring has shown a considerable improvement of water quality, leading to a shift from a hypereutrophic to a eutrophic system (Van Damme et al., 1995; Cox et al., 2009). The stimulated primary production, mostly of diatoms, improved the water oxygen concentration but also leads to silica – limitation. This could favor development of other primary producers, such as green algae and cyanobacteria. The zooplankton community, which is studied by EcoLab in the frame of OMES, has shown clear changes in parallel with water quality improvement. The zone of maximal abundance of calanoid copepods has changed from the brackish water area towards the freshwater area where a decrease in cyclopoids and cladocerans abundance has been observed (Mialet et al., 2010; 2011). The thesis of S. Chambord examines to which physico-chemical factors these changes are related. As zooplankton assures the transfer of primary production to higher trophic levels, grazing experiments are performed to evaluate in how far the 'new' zooplankton community is able to control potential phytoplankton blooms and could play a role in silica regeneration.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand the client. UA provides the client research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Blust Ronny
• Co-promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Environmental toxicology (named ecotoxicology further on) is by name a multidisciplinary field involving a wide span of scientifical domains These domains cover areas as biology (and several sub-disciplines thereof), ecology, biochemistry, toxicology, molecular genetics, industrial and process chemistry etc On top of that it touches the sociological field in terms of human and environmental hazard and risk, and even economy by setting environmental standards, thereby directly influencing industrial processes Water treatment technology and risk assessment are both important answers and tools offered to problems put forward by ecotoxicology Both offer and raise questions and problems to be answered It is my believe that ecotoxicology, in its broadest sense, holds the mother key in the solution but has yet to fully gain it.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Blust Ronny
• Co-promoter: Bols Peter
• Co-promoter: Covaci Adrian
• Co-promoter: De Wael Karolien
• Co-promoter: Geuens Luc
• Co-promoter: Janssens Koen
• Co-promoter: Knapen Dries
• Co-promoter: Lenaerts Silvia
• Co-promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Samson Roeland
• Fellow: Dardenne Freddy

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a research contract awarded by the University of Antwerp. The supervisor provides the Antwerp University research mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions stipulated by the university.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Janssens Ivan
• Co-promoter: Matthysen Erik
• Co-promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Nijs Ivan

Research team(s)

• Plant and Ecosystems (PLECO) - Ecology in a time of change

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a research agreement between the UA and on the onther hand IWT. UA provides IWT research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Blust Ronny
• Fellow: De Schamphelaere Kristine

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand the client. UA provides the client research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand the client. UA provides the client research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The HiWet project aims at deriving ecosystem health indicators for freshwater wetland vegetation by producing high resolution evapotranspiration maps estimated from the combination of field observations, remote sensing, hydrological and surface energy balance modeis. HiWET aims at providing a framework for efficient freshwater wetland ecosystem monitoring and evaluation of ecosystem health, using novel techniques to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) and to derive evaporative stress as an indicator for the health state of the wetland vegetation. The project targets consistent ET retrieval across scales, from the local field scale (fine resolution) to the regional catchment scale (coarse resolution) derived from combined use of hydrological models and remote sensed energy balances. In addition the project aims to contribute greatly to an increased understanding of the functioning of freshwater wetland ecosystems.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand VLIR. UA provides VLIR research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand Deltares. UA provides Deltares research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand Staat der Nederlanden. UA provides Staat der Nederlanden research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand VMM. UA provides VMM research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Van Damme Stefan

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The IFLUX research project is based on an intense collaboration between the University of Antwerp and the Flemish Institute for Technological Research, and aims to develop and validate an integrated mass flux sampler for environmental research and management, IFLUX. At the same time, the valorization of IFLUX is prepared, as a spin-off with a service character, that aims to offer integrated flux measurements for different types of environmental research and management.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Seuntjens Piet Dfe
• Co-promoter: Struyf Eric

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand VMM. UA provides VMM research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand Erasmus Mundus. UA provides Erasmus Mundus research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand the Flemish Public Service. UA provides the Flemish Public Service research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand VITO. UA provides VITO research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand Gemeentelijk Havenbedrijf Antwerpen. UA provides Gemeentelijk Havenbedrijf Antwerpen research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Blust Ronny
• Co-promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand the Federal Public Service. UA provides the Federal Public Service research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The aim of our cooperation is to combine the expertise by Antwerp University to analyse 02 time series with the COSYNA observational data by HZG covering both parts of the Wadden Sea and the coastal North Sea to quantify seasonal and regional differences in primary production.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand La Région Nord-Pas de Calais. UA provides La Région Nord-Pas de Calais research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other VMM. UA provides VMM research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

We hypothesize that Si-fertilization of croplands with easily weathered silicates increases uptake of atmospheric CO2, providing a new ecosystem service to croplands, while at the same time improving cropland yield. To study this hypothesis, we will couple experimental setups to modeling efforts, to shed new light on the by far understudied Si-C interactions in soils.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Janssens Ivan
• Co-promoter: Struyf Eric

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a research agreement between the UA and on the onther hand IWT. UA provides IWT research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand the Flemish Public Service. UA provides the Flemish Public Service research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

ANAEE will provide Europe with a distributed and coordinated set of experimental, analytical and modelling platforms to analyse and predict in a precise manner the response of the main continental ecosystems to environmental and land use changes. ANAEE will consist of highly equipped in natura and in vitro experimental platforms associated with sophisticated analytical and modelling platforms coupled to networks of instrumented observation and monitoring sites throughout Europe.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Nijs Ivan
• Co-promoter: Ceulemans Reinhart
• Co-promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

• Plant and Ecosystems (PLECO) - Ecology in a time of change

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The objective of our research consortium is the understanding and quantification of the feedbacks between the soil system and sediment, nutrient, water and carbon fluxes in response to anthropogenic forcings over timescales ranging from the decade to the millennium. Before this can be achieved at the global scale, the interaction between the soil components over different temporal and spatial scales should be identified in case study areas with clear and different types of human interventions.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a research agreement between the UA and on the onther hand IWT. UA provides IWT research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Fellow: Geerts Lindsay

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Recently, the biological loop in the terrestrial Si cycle, the "biological Si buffer", has been shown to regulate the terrestrial Si export towards coastal systems. Studies on the functioning of this Si buffer and influences of human activities are currently scarce, incomplete, while scale-effects are unknown. This project will be a pioneer study on the effect of grazing on the functioning of the biological Si buffer in three subarctic bio-Si hotspot ecosystem types. The study will integrate four different scales, ranging from the plant-herbivore scale to the scale of the province Finnmark. Through combination of the most recently developed analysis methods, Si stocks and fluxes will be analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Combined analysis on N, P and DOC will integrate the results with the biogeochemical cycles which are relevant in the light of marine primary production and the global climate. The end-result will be an integrated insight in the effect of grazing and land cover on biological Si pools and fluxes of Si in subarctic ecosystems. The results will be coupled in a modelling environment which will allow to predict Si fluxes with changing land cover, grazing intensity and climate. Today, these changes are highly relevant in subarctic regions.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Struyf Eric
• Fellow: Smis Adriaan

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand the Flemish Public Service. UA provides the Flemish Public Service research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand VITO. UA provides VITO research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.n het project onder de voorwaarden zoals vastgelegd in voorliggend contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a research agreement between UA and on the other hand the Vlaams-Nederlandse Scheldecommissie. UA provides the Vlaams-Nederlandse Scheldecommissie research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand the Flemish Public Service. UA provides the Flemish Public Service research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Blust Ronny
• Co-promoter: Bervoets Lieven
• Co-promoter: De Boeck Gudrun
• Co-promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Temmerman Stijn

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The main objectives of this project are to explore hyperspectral remote sensing data to: (1) detect ecosystem service hots pots; (2) develop spatially explicit indices for ecosystem functioning that can be used to reveal spatial patterns of several regulating services.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand VITO. UA provides VITO research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand VITO. UA provides VITO research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand the Flemish Public Service. UA provides the Flemish Public Service research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Coppens Tom
• Promoter: Oosterlynck Stijn
• Co-promoter: Coppens Tom
• Co-promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Oosterlynck Stijn

Research team(s)

• Centre on Inequality, Poverty, Social Exclusion and the City
• Centre for Research on Environmental and Social Change
• Research Group for Urban Development

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a research contract awarded by the University of Antwerp. The supervisor provides the Antwerp University research mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions stipulated by the university.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Estuaries are one-dimensional flow systems, transforming particulate and dissolved substances before reaching the coastal zone. However, estuarine substances may be temporarily trapped in intertidal marshes and mudflats, the primary low-flow zones. These processes, referred to as spiraling, allow intense biogeochemical processing with major consequence for the functioning of estuaries as nutrient filters. The tidal freshwater area has received scarce attention compared to the saline counterpart. It is my objective to study the biogeochemical consequences of nutrient spiraling in the freshwater zone of the Scheldt estuary. I hypothesize that in this estuary spiraling by lateral temporary storage in tidal marshes and vertical exchange between flooding water and the intertidal sediment is equally important as the processes in the pelagic. Lateral storage from marshes (1) and vertical sediment-water exchange from mudflats (2) will be examined to scale up an existing Scheldt model (3), allowing to incorporate the effects of nutrient spiraling for the first time from intertidal marshes and mudflats on the pelagic processes in the tidal freshwater zone.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Fellow: Geerts Lindsay

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand VMM. UA provides VMM research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Tidal marshes, which are vegetated wetlands within larger-scale tidal basins, play a critical role in the physical and biological functioning of that tidal basin. The processes that control the landward erosion and seaward expansion of marsh area are, however, hardly understood. Here we aim at quantifying the hydrodynamic and geomorphic threshold conditions that cause: (1) the start of marsh expansion, by vegetation establishment on an initially bare mudflat. (2) the start of marsh erosion, by cliff formation at an initially gently sloping boundary between a marsh and mudflat.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Temmerman Stijn
• Co-promoter: Meire Patrick
• Fellow: Silinski Alexandra

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand a private institution. UA provides the private institution research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand KBIN. UA provides KBIN research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand OVAM. UA provides OVAM research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The main outputs of AFROMAISON are a toolbox, short-term to long-term strategies, quick wins (much gains with little effort) and operational strategies for adaptation to global change. In order to enhance the potential impact, we will put strong efforts in integrated capacity building and a solid dissemination strategy. In order to do so, we will integrate tools, frameworks, strategies and processes for landscape functioning, livelihood & socio-economic development (incl. vulnerability to global change), local knowledge, institutional strenghtening and improved interaction between sectors, scales and communities. For the development of concrete operational strategies for adaptation to global change, AFROMAISON will focus on the three groups of tools: strategies for restoration and adaptation (including sustainable landscape intensification), economic tools and incentives for INRM and tools for spatial planning.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This is a fundamental research project financed by the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO). The project was subsidized after selection by the FWO-expert panel.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand a private institution. UA provides the private institution research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: van Diggelen Ruurd
• Co-promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

It is well known that anthropogenic land use changes have strongly impacted biogeochemical cycling and export of carbon, nitrogen and weathering products. However, poor knowledge of the biological component in silica (Si) biogeochemistry challenges our ability to predict the effects of land use changes on the silica cycle. Stable isotope techniques and trace element/Si ratios will be used to establish "ecosystem Si signatures" for forest, grassland and cropland ecosystems in Flanders. These signatures will be traced back throughout the aquatic system. Upstream terrestrial signatures will be coupled with Si transport in the downstream river basins by an integrated modeling approach. In a final step, silica cycling will be linked with other biogeochemical cycles (C, N and P). More specifically, the relation between dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and Si is studied in detail, as both elements originate from biogenic matter in soils and might follow similar pathways. This research will assess the effects and interactions of different types of land use on silica fluxes, thereby enlarging our general knowledge about biogeochemical silica cycling. Isotope signature methods are applied for the first time at this spatial scale level.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Fellow: Vandevenne Floor

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Recently, the biological loop in the terrestrial Si cycle, the "biological Si buffer", has been shown to regulate the terrestrial Si export towards coastal systems. Studies on the functioning of this Si buffer and influences of human activities are currently scarce, incomplete, while scale-effects are unknown. This project will be a pioneer study on the effect of grazing on the functioning of the biological Si buffer in three subarctic bio-Si hotspot ecosystem types. The study will integrate four different scales, ranging from the plant-herbivore scale to the scale of the province Finnmark. Through combination of the most recently developed analysis methods, Si stocks and fluxes will be analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Combined analysis on N, P and DOC will integrate the results with the biogeochemical cycles which are relevant in the light of marine primary production and the global climate. The end-result will be an integrated insight in the effect of grazing and land cover on biological Si pools and fluxes of Si in subarctic ecosystems. The results will be coupled in a modelling environment which will allow to predict Si fluxes with changing land cover, grazing intensity and climate. Today, these changes are highly relevant in subarctic regions.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Struyf Eric
• Fellow: Smis Adriaan

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Tidal marshes, which are vegetated wetlands within larger-scale tidal basins, play a critical role in the physical and biological functioning of that tidal basin. The processes that control the landward erosion and seaward expansion of marsh area are, however, hardly understood. Here we aim at quantifying the hydrodynamic and geomorphic threshold conditions that cause: (1) the start of marsh expansion, by vegetation establishment on an initially bare mudflat. (2) the start of marsh erosion, by cliff formation at an initially gently sloping boundary between a marsh and mudflat.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Temmerman Stijn
• Co-promoter: Meire Patrick
• Fellow: Silinski Alexandra

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand Provincie West-Vlaanderen. UA provides Provincie West-Vlaanderen research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project aims at identifying the major stressors of the ecosystem functions and biodiversity on a river basin scale in China and to develop monitoring strategies to follow up the state of the functioning and the biodiversity

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: de Deckere Eric
• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

In the "Ontwikkelingsschets 2010 Schelde-estuarium" (OS2010) of March 11 2005, the Dutch and Flemish governments decided the elaboration of a large number of big projects. For the projects regarding safety against flooding, accessibility (of harbours) and nature specific agreements were made for monitoring. In the frame of the treaty "Common Policy and Management" it was decided to create one common monitoring program. In this study an evaluation methodology will be developed for the common monitoring program. Definition of evaluation methodology: how can the data of the Dutch ¿ Flemish system monitoring of the Schelde estuary lead to results that give answers to or contribute to questions of policy, management and stakeholders of the estuary. The evaluation methodology will consist of a combination of models, other methodologies such as statistics and of expert judgement. Given the complexity of the study, the need for a clear and sound progress of the process and based upon the experience of the MOVE project, it was decided to develop now an evaluation tool for the future monitoring program. This methodology has to be supported by both Flanders and the Netherlands. The monitoring program of October 10 2008 will be the basis of the evaluation tool. Every 6 year an evaluation of the functioning of the entire Schelde ecosystem will be made, using this tool.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The major aim of this project is to develop and apply new 'surface covering' optical measuring techniques with a high spatial and temporal resolution to characterise plant-flow interactions in river ecosystems. This new type of information will be used for the 2D numerical model development within the STRIVE-package. Two individual research fields are defined, based on the scientific sub-discipline and consequent character of measurements.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Temmerman Stijn

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

TIDE considers tidally influenced NSR estuaries with large sediment transportation, which are used as shipping channels to large harbours. All of them face the same type of increasing problems for which they need to find win-win-win solutions addressing economic, ecological and social needs. TIDE will lead the path towards a more sustainable and effective use of large scale investments made into mitigation and compensation measures in NSR estuaries by applying for the first time a unified ecosystem approach to guide the process of integrated participatory management planning.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The overall objective of the proposed research is to increase our understanding of the biological Si processing in tropical river systems. We will investigate bio-Si cycling in large tropical wetlands. We will conduct studies in two tropical systems, which can be considered hot-spots for biological Si cycling: the Okavango Delta (Botswana) and the Fly River (Papua New Guinea). Research fits in the growing recognition that biota control the global silica cycle, which has tight connections to ocean and terrestrial carbon sinks.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Fellow: Struyf Eric

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The aim of this project is to develop an adequate scientific basis to contribute to a policy-relevant strategy for ecosystem services in Belgium as part of the overall policy of sustainable development, focussing on fresh water ecosystems (FWE). They include lakes and ponds, rivers and streams as well as different wetlands types.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand the Federal Public Service. UA provides the Federal Public Service research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Increased macrophyte growth, due to increased water quality, has resulted in higher water levels. To prevent water damage, rivers are frequently cleaned with and increased cost for water managers. Due to the negative impact of vegetation removals on the ecological value of rivers in the Nete Catchment this management tool has to be handle with caution. In addition vegetation removal techniques will favour fast growing macrophyte species resulting in even more vegetation removals to lower water levels. More information on the impact of vegetation removals is necessary to create a sustainable management technique. In this research project some practical problems associated with vegetation removal are investigated: -the effect of vegetation removal on total biomass and species diversity of macrophytes. -How does timing interact with the macrophyte species composition. -The effect of macrophyte removal on invertebrate and fish stocks -Re-growth of macrophytes after removal -The impact of removed macrophyte volume on the water levels.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This research project addresses the morphological management of the Schelde estuary, with a focus on the interactions between human interventions, hydrodynamics, geomorphology and ecology. The project aims at quantifying the processes that are responsible for the lateral erosion and accretion of tidal marsh shorelines, with special emphasis on: 1) the relative impact of human factors (ship waves) and natural factors (wind waves etc.) on the erosion and accretion of marsh shorelines. 2) the potential role of vegetation as a sustainable and cost-effective protection against shoreline erosion.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Temmerman Stijn
• Co-promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand Gemeentelijk Havenbedrijf Antwerpen. UA provides Gemeentelijk Havenbedrijf Antwerpen research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Blust Ronny

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project investigates the possibilities of morphological management of the Schelde estuary (trough strategic dredging and dumping of sediment) in order to optimize the three main functions of the estuary: 1) The estuary should provide protection against flooding of the densely populated area bordering the estuary. The morphological modifications should lead to attenuation of the landward propagation of tidal waves, storm surges, and sea level rise, and hence should contribute to protection against flooding. 2) The estuary should provide access for sea ships to the port of Antwerp. The morphological modifications should result in concentration of tidal currents towards the shipping channels in order to maximize the self-eroding capacity of the channels. 3) The estuary hosts European protected ecosystems. The morphological modifications should guarantee the variation of estuarine habitats. This is studied by coupling of hydrodynamic, morphodynamic and ecological modelling.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Temmerman Stijn
• Co-promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a research agreement between the UA and on the onther hand IWT. UA provides IWT research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project will contribute essential knowledge to our scientific concept of the bio-Si buffer, and attain an integration of this buffer into biogeochemical models of the silica cycle. This requires a detailed quantification of the reactivity of the bio-Si buffer in different ecosystems and at different timescales, as well as an integration of processes at different temporal and spatial scales.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Fellow: Struyf Eric

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

As a transition zone between land and sea, estuaries accommodate specific and valuable ecosystems and often act as a filter for the load of nutrients and pollutants increased by human activities. Intertidal areas play a key role in these functions. The area of natural tidal wetlands can be extended by bringing the planned controlled flooding areas under influence of the tide. Within the pilot project of the controlled inundation area with controlled reduced tide (CRT) Lippenbroek and mesocosm experiment in Kruibeke it is the aim to have a clear view on the effect of the present metal contamination of the areas fringing the river Scheldt. The main interest will be metal bioavailability and the interaction with biota. We will investigate the total metal cycle in plants from uptake to decomposition. The biogeochemical cycle of metals will be compared between the CRT, embarked areas and natural tidal marshes.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Bervoets Lieven
• Co-promoter: de Deckere Eric
• Fellow: Teuchies Johannes

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Macrophyte patches as biogeochemical hotspots: impact on river water quality? 1. Problem Macrophytes play an important role in the structural biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems. Being primary producers, they are a matter of life and death for many organisms. Even on a ecosystem level, they take a central role, but the processes here involved are not yet well known. Though, a good knowledge is crucial to be able to take correct management decisions concerning the improvement of our fresh water ecosystems. On top of this, the presence of macrophytes has an even greater influence on the hydraulics. Macrophytes act as ecological engineers and have therefore a direct influence on stream velocity patterns and on sedimentation and erosion patterns. Changes in these patterns have immediate consequences on biodiversity and geomorphology. 2. Objectives I want to test the main concept of macrophytes being biogeochemical hotspots. After all, there are strong indications that the processes in the sediments underneath macrophyte patches can have greater impact on the water quality than the typically studied pelagic processes. To test this hypothesis, three questions are postulated: 1) Are macrophyte patches biogeochemical hotspots and at what quantity? 2) Which is the maximal length and width a patch can have under certain circumstances? 3) What is theoretically the maximal surface patches can have in a river stretch, given certain circumstances (and what is the total effect of these patches on the water quality, regarding question 1)? 3. Methodology Question 1) will be answered by gathering field data. The organic material from selected patches will be characterized and processes such as denitrification and silica transformation are followed up. All these data will be merged with patterns of stream velocity and sedimentation and erosion in and around the patches. Afterwards, results are analyzed with a diagenetic model and statistically tested. Question 2) will be answered by placing in situ flumes around patches in rivers. In these flumes, the patch growth limiting factors such as stream velocity and erosion-sedimentation will be quantified. Additionally, a great number of patches throughout the country will be measured to verify field flume data. Question 3) will be answered with the Delft-3D model. Data from question 1) will calibrate the model, data from question 2) will validate the model. With this model, I want to estimate the impact of macrophyte patches on the water quality of larger parts of rivers (e.g. 100-1000 m).

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Temmerman Stijn
• Fellow: Schoelynck Jonas

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: de Deckere Eric
• Co-promoter: Meire Patrick
• Fellow: Van den Bergh Kenneth

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

It is well known that anthropogenic land use changes have strongly influenced the occurrence of biota and soil formation over the last millennia. Land use changes can have a strong effect on the export of carbon, nitrogen and weathering products. The poor knowledge of the biological component in silica biogeochemistry challenges our ability to predict the effects of these land use changes on the silica cycle. Current models for silica export to the ocean still consider it constant. This assumption is now recognized to be invalid, yet our knowledge base is too small to correctly assess human induced variation in diatom productivity and burial rate. This project aims to contribute to filling this fundamental knowledge gap. We want to advance knowledge on how the silica cycle is affected by human activity in a temperate river basin through a detailed, integrated analysis of silica pools, pathways, fluxes and transformations, thereby using advanced analysis techniques. In this context, the Scheldt basin is extra interesting, as it has high DSi concentrations compared to other systems worldwide, and this is potentially related to high human influence.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Struyf Eric

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Abstraction of the success of mitigating short term measures, climate change will anyhow influence the way in which Flemish society organises its use of land and space. Instead of closing our eyes, it is time to develop strategies to anticipate to possible effects of climate change, or ¿ put in other words ¿ to assess new investments in spatial development and to investigate how to make them climate proof so they can withstand the effects of climate change. Therefore, key words of the research project are: 'climate change', 'spatial structures', 'changes in spatial structures' and 'Flanders'. The scientific objectives of the research project can be defined as - a qualitative exploration through research by design of possible planning concepts for a more adaptive approach of changes in spatial structures as a result of climate change; - a scientific evaluation and appreciation of existing planning policy instruments and public governance mechanisms in relation to the implementation of spatial adaptation strategies in relation to climate change. In the project design, six major work packages are defined besides the co-ordination of the research project. 1. In the first place, work package 1 will assess the spatial impact of climate change in Flanders for different climate change scenarios. It will geographically differentiate the primary effects (with a focus on the water system) and the secondary effects on different land uses in 2050 and 2100. Next, a spatial adaptation strategy at the macro scale of Flanders will be set out, first in general, later on more in detail with information from the other work packages, in particular from work package 6 that focuses on the meso and micro scale. 2. 2-4. Work packages 2, 3 and 4 will assess, at the same macro scale of Flanders, the geographically differentiated impact of the climate change effects on different spatial (sub)structures: the spatial-natural structure, the landscape structure and the spatial structures of human activities. The common way of thinking in these work packages is first to define a relevant typology of elements of these spatial structures in relation to climate change, next to assess/analyse the sensitivity of these elements for climate change, and finally to develop adaptation strategies mitigating the effects of climate change on these spatial structures. 5. The findings of the first four work packages are gathered in two integrated planning cases in work package 5, one for the coastal zone in Flanders and one for the more land inward region of the Kempen. Through research by design, coherent complexes of spatial planning concepts for the adaptation of spatial structures at meso (regional) and micro (local) level will be defined to tackle the effects of climate change in a sustainable way. The objective at micro level is to design planning concepts for the spatial development of harbours, residential and industrial zones. 6. Finally, work package 6 formulates policy recommendations on spatial adaptation strategies in relation to climate change, in particular at the meso (regional/provincial) and the micro (local) level. The existing institutional context as well as existing spatial adaptation strategies abroad will be analysed. This analysis, together with the findings of the five other work packages, will result in recommendations concerning policy instruments and governance techniques.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The general objective of this project is to develop a numerical tool allowing the quantitative description of the growth and decay of macrophytes, and of their interactions with nutrients from the water column and the sediments. For this purpose we will study in detail the growth, decay, and nutrient uptake, release and allocation processes of macrophytes in response to their various physical, chemical and biological controlling factors. These include light intensity, temperature, water quality, sediment quality, stream velocities and macrophyte or macro-algae species composition. Experiments will be performed at various spatial and temporal scales in order to develop integrated models describing the kinetics of growth and decomposition of river rnacrophytes. Once integrated into stream ecosystem models, this might serve as an efficient tool to explore various scenarios of macrophyte biomass controls. For example the effects of biomass removal (mowing) on instream nutrient retention can be evaluated, with the possible consequences for the downstream (estuary, coastal zone) ecosystems.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project aims to answer the question if Si fluxes through a river basin, and ultimately towards the sea, can change because of land use changes. These changes will be budgeted for the Scheldt basin, taking into account surface runoff, subsurface drainage and storage and cycling through vegetation. The results will be used to evaluate the effect of land use changes over historical times on Si fluxes. Moreover, it is the aim to formulate recommendations towards land planning with respect to the reduction of eutrophication, working from the viewpoint of Si in the nutrient ratios. As such, this study of Si can provide a mirror image for the N and P side of the eutrophication problem, and provide invaluable, new insights in our evolving concept of eutrophication.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project will produce a landscape ecological model that allows to quantify the effect of planned or realised changes in the Antwerp Harbour area on the connectivity between natural animal populations. The model is based on analysis of least-cost paths as a function of landscape resistance. The model is parameterized for a number of target species including natterjack toad and bats with additional species to be determined. The project will deliver a practical instrument for monitoring the functioning of the Ecological Infrastructure in the harbour area.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Matthysen Erik
• Co-promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

• Evolutionary ecology group (EVECO)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The project team consists of members of the Ecosystem Research Group (ECOBE) and the hydraulic laboratory of the University of Gent. Both research groups have a common history in hydraulic modelling of water ways. In this small research project the influence of vegetation on sedimentation and erosion in the Bankei region in Balen. In the first part of this study the available literature on sedimentation within aquatic vegetation will be done by ECOBE. The modelling and the scenario run for this specific area will be performed by the University of Gent.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The integrated water policy has need to policy support systems. A Metamodel will be developed that the development of policy scenarios is on the basis of eco-physical, social and economic date supports with special attention to ecosystem services. Economic valuation and the input of a Multi-stakeholder platform of future users are of vital importance in this process.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Loots Ilse
• Co-promoter: Verbruggen Aviel

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Several factors determine the realized species pool in a wet meadow system. Hydrology partly influences the plant-available nutrients, directly by controlling the supply through ground and flooding water,¿ and indirectly by the groundwater level, controlling the soil moisture content and thus the redox potentiaal which determines the available nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) forms. The amount of available nutrients is also determined by the management type. Mowing, with subsequent removal of the harvested biomass, results in nutrient removal while fertilization causes an increase in nutrient availability. The plant strategy determines how plants deal with the quantity of available nutrients. Several grass and sedge species for example own the possibility to form tussocks, a growth form which allows them to store a vast amount of nutrients. High biomass production often results in strong competition for light, outcompeting certain species. Several plant strategies and plant traits such as the above mentioned tussock strategy allow species to deal with the competition for light and nutrients imposed by surrounding species.The realized species pool gets determined on the one hand by the potential species pool, in other words the total number of species that would be present in absence of stress, competition or disturbance and on the other by abiotic factors such as anoxia and by biotic interactions such as competition. These processes will influence the various life stages (seed, seedling, adult plant) of a plant differently.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Fellow: Opdekamp Wout

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

"Ecosystem services" are the services, gains people obtain from nature. For Flanders this is a quite new concept, nevertheless it has huge potentials for nature conservation. Nature conservation is still too much approached as something with relative low social importance. Describing and evaluating Ecosystem services is a good starting point for sustainable development. To introduce this concept in Flanders there is an urgent need for more knowledge about Ecosystem services and which are their possibilities. This project aims to be a starting point for a ecosystem service based approach. The study consists of two parts: The first part wants to give an overview of the current status of ecosystem services and their future possibilities. We will give a global introduction as well as a spatial overview (maps). In the second part we want to show the possibilities of the ecosystem service concept in some (5) concrete projects.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The aim of this research is bringing together key experts from the climatological, hydrological and ecological research communities, as well as water managers and policy makers, in order to improve the decision making regarding the impact of climate change on aquatic and floodplain ecosystems. The first aim is to discuss relevant research issues in an open, interdisciplinary team. The focus on a case study "Nete" will allow us to adapt these relevant issues, while focusing on the combined information from climate projections, changes in flow regimes, associates water quality and ecology/biodiversity, with the final aim to allow far better projections of habitat quality and diversity.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Gelieve aan te vullen a.u.b.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

(1) To develop a new and reliable system for the in-situ real-time measurement of particle movement along with simultaneous measurement of turbulence and size and shape of settling particles. This will overcome the aforementioned shortcomings of the currently applied techniques. (2) To use this new measurement system to investigate in-situ particle settling velocity and particle-turbulence interaction on mesoscale in the laboratory experiments and on macro-scale in the Scheldt estuary. (3) To bridge the gap between the measurements and the simulation and prediction of flocculation by numerical models. This involves feedback from the model to the interpretation of the measurements with the new system. Hence, the complementarity nature of this project will lead to the characterisation of the relation between flow and particle-turbulence interactions, and to the development of an integrated sediment transport model reflecting reality, which can be used for decision support.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The analysis of adaptation strategies related to flooding will be built on a schema comprising the following steps: -Evaluating secondary impacts of global change induced flooding on vulnerable sectors in river basins; -Determining adaptation measures (response); -Evaluating costs of adaption measures; -Cost-benefit analysis.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

One of the most important ecosystem processes is decomposition. Decomposition plays a key role in the nutrient cycle, and is one of the main factors limiting plant growth. In addition it can substantially influence species composition. Goose numbers have increased dramatically over the past 50 years mainly due to land use changes and a reduced hunting pressure in their wintering grounds. To understand fully the consequences of these changes, studies on ecosystems processes on both the wintering grounds in temperate regions and the breeding grounds in the high arctic are indispensable. In this project we will investigate how geese influence decomposition processes and related processes: besides decomposition the nitrogen and carbon cycle, the microbial communities and the availability of nutrients for plants will be studied .

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Beyens Louis
• Co-promoter: Janssens Ivan
• Fellow: Fivez Lise

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

As a transition zone between land and sea, estuaries accommodate specific and valuable ecosystems and often act as a filter for the load of nutrients and pollutants increased by human activities. Intertidal areas play a key role in these functions. The area of natural tidal wetlands can be extended by bringing the planned controlled flooding areas under influence of the tide. Within the pilot project of the controlled inundation area with controlled reduced tide (CRT) Lippenbroek and mesocosm experiment in Kruibeke it is the aim to have a clear view on the effect of the present metal contamination of the areas fringing the river Scheldt. The main interest will be metal bioavailability and the interaction with biota. We will investigate the total metal cycle in plants from uptake to decomposition. The biogeochemical cycle of metals will be compared between the CRT, embarked areas and natural tidal marshes.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Bervoets Lieven
• Co-promoter: de Deckere Eric
• Fellow: Teuchies Johannes

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Macrophyte patches as biogeochemical hotspots: impact on river water quality? 1. Problem Macrophytes play an important role in the structural biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems. Being primary producers, they are a matter of life and death for many organisms. Even on a ecosystem level, they take a central role, but the processes here involved are not yet well known. Though, a good knowledge is crucial to be able to take correct management decisions concerning the improvement of our fresh water ecosystems. On top of this, the presence of macrophytes has an even greater influence on the hydraulics. Macrophytes act as ecological engineers and have therefore a direct influence on stream velocity patterns and on sedimentation and erosion patterns. Changes in these patterns have immediate consequences on biodiversity and geomorphology. 2. Objectives I want to test the main concept of macrophytes being biogeochemical hotspots. After all, there are strong indications that the processes in the sediments underneath macrophyte patches can have greater impact on the water quality than the typically studied pelagic processes. To test this hypothesis, three questions are postulated: 1) Are macrophyte patches biogeochemical hotspots and at what quantity? 2) Which is the maximal length and width a patch can have under certain circumstances? 3) What is theoretically the maximal surface patches can have in a river stretch, given certain circumstances (and what is the total effect of these patches on the water quality, regarding question 1)? 3. Methodology Question 1) will be answered by gathering field data. The organic material from selected patches will be characterized and processes such as denitrification and silica transformation are followed up. All these data will be merged with patterns of stream velocity and sedimentation and erosion in and around the patches. Afterwards, results are analyzed with a diagenetic model and statistically tested. Question 2) will be answered by placing in situ flumes around patches in rivers. In these flumes, the patch growth limiting factors such as stream velocity and erosion-sedimentation will be quantified. Additionally, a great number of patches throughout the country will be measured to verify field flume data. Question 3) will be answered with the Delft-3D model. Data from question 1) will calibrate the model, data from question 2) will validate the model. With this model, I want to estimate the impact of macrophyte patches on the water quality of larger parts of rivers (e.g. 100-1000 m).

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Temmerman Stijn
• Fellow: Schoelynck Jonas

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Scientific understanding and technological knowledge are crucial factors to protect the water resources and to meet the water goals of the UN millennium declaration (World Summit on Sustainable Development, 2002). Certainly the increasing world population living in urbanised areas demands a sustainable management of water resources. This summer course focuses on a pragmatic application of new technologies for water use and reuse based on an integrated water resources management approach on a river basin scale. The program aims at strengthening the capacities and skills of people with a basic knowledge of water treatment. The main topics that will be addressed are: 1. Water quality: technology for achieving discharge or (process) water quality standards; 2. Water scarcity: saving water and water loop closure; 3. Water quality: impact evaluation of discharges on receiving water bodies; 4. Water management in large cities

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: de Deckere Eric
• Co-promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project website

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

A variety of foreshores were built along the canal connecting the Scheldt and Brussels. These were installed a few meters from the shore, with several pipes connecting them to the canal. An almost isolated stretch of water is thus created between theses foreshores and the bank where the dynamics of the water are less pronounced than in the canal. Both the foreshores and the enclosed water bodies can provide a habitat for several plant and animal species and will, therefore, not only offer protection, but also increase biodiversity. In this study we will attempt to quantify the effect of these foreshores on biodiversity. The main species groups that will be studied during these few years are: vascular plants, fish, macro-invertebrates and birds. Changes in species composition will be used to evaluate function for the type and time evolution of foreshores. This study aims to offer recommendations for foreshore-types that have the biggest effect on biodiversity.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project aims to answer the question if Si fluxes through a river basin, and ultimately towards the sea, can change because of land use changes. These changes will be budgeted for the Scheldt basin, taking into account surface runoff, subsurface drainage and storage and cycling through vegetation. The results will be used to evaluate the effect of land use changes over historical times on Si fluxes. Moreover, it is the aim to formulate recommendations towards land planning with respect to the reduction of eutrophication, working from the viewpoint of Si in the nutrient ratios. As such, this study of Si can provide a mirror image for the N and P side of the eutrophication problem, and provide invaluable, new insights in our evolving concept of eutrophication.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Macroinvertebrates differ in their sensitivity for pollution. Effects caused by pollution can be detected in many parameters like acute mortality, behavioral changes and growth decrease. Of some macroinvertebrate species it is shown that they can actively detect and avoid pollution. On sites were no pollution occurs, some taxa can however still be absent. Next to pollution, structural characteristics of the ecosystem also influence the distribution and composition of the population. The aim of this research project is to investigate the sensitivity of different macroinvertebrate species for pollution and to investigate their habitatpreferences. Furthermore there will also be looked at which factor (pollution/habitat) is in fact the most determining for the species distribution and occurrence. The sensitivity of the macroinvertebrates for both heavy metals and organic pollutants will be calculated by analyzing the database of the Flemish Environment Agency. Next to the sensitivity analyses also the differences between the populations at Flemish sites with sand/clay/stones as substratum will be investigated. In the second part of this research topic, the habitatpreferences en ability to detect pollution will be investigated using flume-experiments.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Fellow: Leloup Vicky

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Part of the wind dunes in the Flemish Campines are polluted with heavy metals. Due to the open character of these wind dunes the wind can blow freely and sand particles can thus be spread over long distances. This might be a means of transport of heavy metals. Another possible way for the heavy metals to spread from the wind dunes is through the groundwater. As these wind dunes act as infiltration areas the heavy metals can be transported away from the top soil layer with the infiltrating rainwater to surface elsewhere with the groundwater. The aim of this research is to get an insight in the amount of heavy metals that are spread from wind dunes through wind or groundwater. Therefore we will choose several bare and overgrown dunes in the study area BeNeKempen, here soil and water samples will be analysed. The selection of the sampling points will be able to tell us more about the spreading of heavy metals from wind dunes. The results shall be used to make a manual for the managers of the concerned areas. Possible measures will be proposed, such as the planting on wind dunes.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Bervoets Lieven
• Co-promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

In general, the turbidity of our rivers has significantly decreased since more waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) are operational. The increased light availability enables the germination and subsequently the growth of macrophytes. Their presence alters the hydraulics of these rivers in such way that water discharge is hampered and flooding risk increases. Mowing macrophytes is therefore frequently applied in management strategies to avoid flooding in urban areas. The Manudyn I project focused on the role of macrophytes in nutrient cycling in the Nete catchment and results indicated that macrophytes do have an impact on the nutrient balance in rivers. Additionally, it was demonstrated that macrophytes also incorporate metals, such as copper, from the sediments, thereby playing an important role as natural sediment decontaminators. However the mechanisms underlying the macrophyte-nutrient interactions are not well understood yet. Furthermore, the flume experiments in the Manudyn I project revealed that a clear difference exists in nutrient take up behaviour between different macrophyte species. Therefore, the Manudyn II project will mainly focus on process studies. The objective is to describe and understand the uptake, allocation and possible release of nutrients and metals related to the growth and decomposition of some highly abundant river macrophytes. The results will be used to develop new models describing the processes at different experimental scales and refine models that were developed within the scope of the first Manudyn project. This will be done by executing several work packages. The first work package tackles small scale experiments, i.e. at the level of a single macrophyte specimen. The second work package deals with experiments at the level of a macrophyte patch and the third one will undertake field experiments with different macrophyte patches. In the fourth work package, modelling approaches will be applied at the different scales.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project aims to acquire an overview of all running or past safety and water quality monitoring projects on the Zeescheldt and its tide-influenced tributaries. The analysis frequency for the different parameters at all monitored locations will be provided, and overlap between parallel monitoring programmes will be evaluated. Cooperation with a similar Dutch project, will reassure complementarity between the Dutch and Flemish analyses. In the end, a reworked monitoring programme will be conceived, that approaches the monitoring of safety and ecology in both countries in an integral way.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The project aims to gain understanding in the currently unstudied role of wetlands in retention and recycling of Si. This is an essential, yet overlooked link in our knowledge of the global Si cycle. The research hypothesis is that vegetation type, flooding regime and draining capacity all strongly influence the Si processing in wetlands. Higher flooding frequency results in a higher capacity to retain biogenic Si, while drainage capacity is positively related to recycling potential. Human activity can lead to a changed Si-N-P ratio, and as a result functioning of wetlands in the biogeochemical Si cycle could change. Reference research is therefore conducted in the "pristine" Bierbza valley (Poland) and compared to research in human influenced wetlands in Flanders.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Fellow: Struyf Eric

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Janssens Ivan
• Fellow: Opdekamp Wout

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

As a transition zone between land and sea, estuaries accommodate specific and valuable ecosystems and often act as a filter for the load of nutrients and pollutants increased by human activities. Intertidal areas play a key role in these functions. The area of natural tidal wetlands can be extended by bringing the planned controlled flooding areas under influence of the tide. Within the pilot project of the controlled flooding area Lippenbroek and mesocosm experiments in Wilrijk and Kruibeke it is the aim to have a clear view on the development of a tidal marsh in these newly constructed habitats. In this study the emphasis will be put on the development of the vegetation and its role within biogeochemical cycles of nutrients and heavy metals under controlled reduced tide.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Fellow: Teuchies Johannes

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The degradation of the natural resources of the coastal lagoon Merja Zerga in Morocco (MZ) is an environmental problem with major impact on the quality of life of the local population. We will use this problem as a model for improving the capacity of the DREME of the ENFI to strengthen its role in monitoring environmental and socio-economical data. These data are needed to support the decision making for environmental protection. Environmental sustainability is the focus,but it cannot be looked at in isolation from economic and social sustainability. In this context, economic, social, and ecological criteria will be defined and the project takes a rather broad perspective by supporting the development of the Integrated Development Planning framework in the region, mainly the implementation of the Management Plan of the MZ reserve which is being developed by the "Haut Commisariat aux Eaux et Forêts et à la Lutte Contre Ia Desertification", (HCEFLCD) of Morocco. Furthermore, special attention is paid to the extension aspect by implementing the Southern units collaboration with other academic and governmental institutions.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The research questions will be tackled by conducting (1) a field survey of the restored floodplain communities in various stages of development, (2) a mesocosm experiment, in which effects of flooding regime and vegetation mowing on species establishment will be investigated and (3) a fertilisation experiment, in which effects of productivity and light availability on species establishment will be studied.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The main objectives of this proposal are: 1) to assess the global warming potential of wetlands in the upper basin of the Biebrza river; 2) to determine the potential effects of woody encroachment, desiccation and eutrophication on plant diversity and on the warming potential; 3) to simulate future changes and predict the efficiency of protective measures.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Janssens Ivan

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The Scheldt estuary is both economically and ecologically of high importance. The ecological functioning suffers from excessive hydrological dynamics. In this project one aspect of dynamics is focused upon: wave action by shipping. Factors influencing wave generation are evaluated. The effect of waves from shipping activity on the physical disturbance of intertidal mudflats is assessed.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Adaptation measures are necessary for protecting populations and ecosystems against climate-related hazards in the next decades (IPCC, 2001; EEA, 2004). The overall objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate an efficient management tool being a cost-benefit analysis based instrument for the integrated assessment of adaptation measures against risk of floods in Belgium. The project consists in developing a commune methodology based on the existing knowledge and facts which concern the effects of climate change, their intensity and probable progression in time. This methodology will be refined by a "case study" (Meuse and Scheldt basins). The approach take into account the Hydrologic (Ulg), economic (ULB), social (HIVA; KUL) and environmental impacts (ECOBE; UA), and their mutual interaction in accordance with the principle of development and sustainable management (ECOLAS). The contribution of the ECOBE group (UA) focuses on the impact of climate change inducing flood on the ecological values of the ecosystems. Furthermore, potentialities for adaptations measures combining nature and safety will be investigated. Expected research results: - Identification and classification of potential impacts of climate change in Belgium - An assessment of the overall state of the art concerning flood risk and damage, mitigation options and their related infrastructures o updated discharges for different return periods o modified extent of flood-prone areas o vulnerability o technical aspects, availability, infrastructure, safety and range o impacts on income, land value, health and property o ecological impact, evaluation of flood risk on ecosystems good and services. o social impact, social acceptance and consumer behaviour with regard to flooding o damage cost ¿ An analysis of the infrastructures associated with these mitigation options.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Beyens Louis
• Co-promoter: Janssens Ivan
• Fellow: Fivez Lise

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Co-promoter: Matthysen Erik

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

By teledetection, different types of temporary wetlands in the western Cape region will first be characterised (UGent) as a base for the study of their hydrology and ecology. On the basis of a digital terrain model and a hydrological model, run-off and interaction with the groundwater dynamics of the selected systems will next be detennined (VUB). By studying diversity and distribution patterns of important representatives of plants (UA) and invertebrates (KUL) in relation with the hydrology of the selected habitats it is finally the intention to reveal any association between community structure on the one hand and hydrology-related variables on the other (all groups). Together with the quantitative genetic study of the life history characters of selected flagship species (large branchiopods), this will allow us to study the evolutionary flexibility of species under time pressure and to model the expected distribution of species considering various scenarios of hydrological changes of the habitats. The Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (OW AF) will ultimately use these data to support the implementation of the legal principles stated in the National Water Act (1998) for the sustainable use of water in the region.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

A lot of river restoration projects are carried out, especially with the improving strategy of integrated water manangement. However a good scientific evaluation is often lacking. This project will focus on the evaluation of a number of diverse projects carried out by the province of Antwerp. The evaluation will be done based on a number of ecological parameters, such as macrophytes, macro-invertebrates and fish. The results of the evaluation will be used as educational material on restoration projects for water managers.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Fringing marshes are generally believed to act as a filter for the estuarine and riverine water because they can trap nutrients both in inorganic and organic form from the floodwater. This perception is based on classical exchange studies, where budgets for the flood and ebb water are compared. However, these studies are rather inaccurate and reveal only the overall changes. In a Flemish-Dutch co-operation project, we used the stable isotope 15N as a tracer in a large-scale experiment to study the nitrogen cycling in a freshwater marsh fringing the Scheldt River. In the field, we added 15N-ammonium to the flood water of a tidal creek feeding a marsh area (3500 m2) and subsequently traced the fate of this labelled N through the entire ecosystem. We analysed the different pools of 15N in the flood and ebb water as well as in the sediment, plants and fauna within the marsh. In addition, discharge characteristics of the creek such as tidal height, water movement and concentrations of the different N pools was measured. This whole ecosystem experiment revealed that nitrification, the oxidation of ammonium to nitrate, is one of the fundamental processes regulating the N-budget in this freshwater marsh (Fig. 1). Moreover, mass balance calculations showed that whole-system nitrification rates were much (up to 10 times) higher than obtained from measurements of nitrification in the floodwater. This suggests that this process mainly takes place on the sediment surface of the marsh. Combined with a number of other experiments dealing with the short and long term fate of N, the overall goal is to construct an integrated view of the role of tidal marshes in the nitrogen retention and processing of ammonium and nitrate.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

NELE DESMET Promotor: Prof. Dr. P. Meire (UA, Biology) Co-promotor: Dr. Ir. P. Seuntjens (VITO, Integral Environmental Studies) "Modelling Water Quality : Effects of Macrophytes" The pollutants and nutrients present in a river system are subjected to a wide range of physical, chemical and biological processes that determine their temporal and spatial distribution. Consequently modeling water quality requires a dynamic concept considering both transport and transformation processes. When using the water quality models that are currently available quite good predictions can be obtain for open water (spare vegetation), but there seems to be a lack of modeling tools that take into account the effect of aquatic vegetation. Nevertheless macrophytes, which take fully part of the aquatic system, can induce substantial changes in water quality. Some are direct effects, such as plants taking up nutrients, but other effects are merely indirect and may be due to changes in hydrodynamic or physico-chemical properties in between the macropytes. The main objectives of this project are to describe the interactions between macrophytes and the aquatic environment (water and sediment), to quantify their effects on a pollutant's fate in the river system and to implement these in water quality modeling. For that purpose different effects of macrophytes on the distribution and the (bio)availability of a pollutant will be considered. The results of this project will be useful for application in aquatic and environmental management. Integrating the aquatic vegetation in water quality modeling is necessary to obtain good predictions and simulations in (dense) vegetated river systems. Furthermore it offers a tool to evaluate management practices, such as mowing macrophytes, in relations to water quality.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Fellow: Desmet Nele

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

High nutrient loads to lowland rivers has resulted in an increased growth of macrophytes. To garanty the discharge capacity managers of waterways remove all vegetation. This management has a lot of negative ecological consequences and leads to high economical costs. This project has the aim to develop mowing patterns which garanty the discharge and has a low ecological impact. Besides this we shall investigate the impact of this management on bottom morfology. In short we try to get insight in the relation between macrophytes, fysical parameters and different mowing patterns. The project is divided in 4 parts : mapping out of the vegetation, ex situ and in situ experiments, sediment dynamics. The results of the mapping out shall form the basis of the ex situ experiments. Together with the results of the in situ experiments and the sediment dynamics this has to lead in a proper management of waterways. In the ex situ experiments we test the following hypthesis : emergents have a greater influence on the efficiency of the mowing patterns than submergents. The ex situ experiments shall take place in a flume which gives us the chance to control biological and fysical parameters. Altogether this has to lead to optimal dates and frequencies of mowing.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Fellow: Bal Kris

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The Schelde estuary, characterised as a turbid, polluted and very eutrofic system, has nowadays reached a turning point in the restoration of its water quality. During the past century, human activities have reduced the intertidal areas, essential in the estuarine ecosystem for nutrient cycling and the self-cleaning capacity. Today, in combination with a master plan to protect the population from storm surges, an opportunity rises to recreate areas with a tidal influence. One specific option of combining safety and ecology is the creation of controlled inundation areas (CIA) under influence of a controlled reduced tide (CRT). These specific areas will differ in many ways from fully tidal areas. However, these areas can fulfil important ecological functions. The ecological development of a CRT will be investigated in the 10 ha big study area Lippenbroek. This former polder area will be turned into a small CIA-CRT to test this new concept.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Fellow: Maris Tom

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Fellow: Vermeiren Tim

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Input of sediments, organic matter and nutrients in coastal seas by rivers and their impact on the marine ecosystem has been the subject of many research projects. However, the quality and quantity is strongly determined by upstream processes in the river basin. In recent years exercises have been made to describe transport of water, dissolved compounds and suspended or particulate matter at (sub)basin scale. Models are defined at the level of description of ecosystem typology of forests, land use, wetlands etc. along with formulation of the exchange terms between these systems.Where land and water meet we actually find ecotones: transition zones as a result of hydrodynamics with their own flora and fauna, and related intensive transformation and uptake of materials. Therefore, for an accurate description of exchange at (sub)basin scale, a detailed understanding of the functioning of such transition systems is necessary. The main goal of the research project is to investigate how the diverse physical and biological processes and their interactions determines the exchange of water, dissolved compounds and particulate matter in margins and inundation areas of water courses. These two transition systems are characteristic for river basins. To achieve the main aim it is necessary to develop models for margin and inundation area. Multidisciplinary research and integrated modelling of hydrological transport characteristics and biological (transformation) processes is required. The coupling of different models and model descriptions forms a methodological challenge in this proposal. Besides general models on ground water flow, hydraulics and biological features, a few distinctive interaction zones can be recognized, for which exchange processes will be investigated and modelled in detail: 1.interaction of shallow ground water with wetland or terrestrial ecosystems 2.interaction of deep ground water with the water course 3.interaction of water course with the margin 4.interaction of shallow and/or deep ground water with the inundation area 5.interaction of water course with inundations area Model formulations of exchanges and underlying processes is first and foremost determined by the component of study. There are three groups of components with their own characteristic 'exchange' descriptions, namely water, dissolved components and particulate or suspended matter. Nitrogen is selected as an 'illustrative' element for the models. Its transport is determined by processes in all interaction zones and it may appear in both dissolved and particulate form.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project is meant to implement the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) for the Belgian coastal waters. The exact details of how the implementation should be performed are to be listed. Eventually the ecological quality of the coastal zone should be able to be evaluated according to a scoring system that preferably takes into account an existing or constructed reference condition. First all necessary data and literature will be centralized. Next a reference condition is constructed, taking into account parallel work in the neighboring countries. Several existing scoring systems will be evaluated and tested for the Belgian coastal water body types. If necessary, an adapted scoring system will be constructed. Missing quality elements will be recorded and advise for further monitoring will be expressed.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The objective of REBECCA is to provide underpinning for one of the key scientific principles on which the Water Framework Directive (WFD) is based, i.e. that relationships between the biological state and physical and chemical properties of surface waters are sufficiently well understood to enable the management of catchments and rivers to achieve ecological objectives. Historically, there has been great success in maintaining and improving the quality of surface waters by developing and understanding of the links between anthropogenic pressures (e.g. water abstraction, agriculture, and effluent discharges) and the chemical status of waters, although there remain many challenges in reliably designing and implementing the necessary programmes of measures. Our present understanding of the link between chemical properties and ecological state, while good in some instances, is generally not adequate to support management intervention against ecological objectives.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

From January 2003 until January 2004, 28 physico-chemical parameters will be analysed on 78 sample-sites distributed over de the Kleine and the Grote Nete river-basins. According to the seasons, four samples per year will be taken at each site. The results will be discussed and presented as an advice on to the fish-restocking program.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Silica plays a major role in eutrophication of coastal waters around the world. Mechanisms controlling the production and fate of silica in estuarine systems are far from understood. Major indications have been reported that intertidal areas may be an important reservoir of silica in estuarine systems. This project intends to clarify the role of a freshwater marsh in the silica cycle within the Schelde estuary. Different silica pools in the marsh (vegetation, sediment, pore-water, groundwater and surface water) will be quantified. During a whole year, on a two-monthly basis, silica content of these pools will be monitored in different vegetation types. Interactions between the different silica pools will be studied by decomposition and dissolution experiments, both in situ and ex situ. Mass-balances will be performed seasonally to attain insight in exchange of silica between intertidal and subtidal area. In the end, these major goals will allow to construct an integrated view of the role of freshwater tidal marshes in the silica cycle within an estuarine system, by focusing on retention and processing of silica within the marsh.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Fellow: Struyf Eric

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The goal of the project is gathering information and the scientific support for fish stock management on different water types and the fish stock potential of these fishing waters.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

In order to assess the effects on the ecosystem of interventions (nature development, engineered interventions...) in the framework of the Sigma, an existing model of the Westerschelde (MOSES) will be extended to the Zeesschelde (upto Ghent). Purpose of this research is to get a policy supporting instrument that explicitly takes uncertainty in the knowledge into account.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Distribution of the weatherfish (M. fossilis) in Flanders as part of the case-study in `t Goorken. The status of the species in this reserve is represented as population size and age-class distribution.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Risk evaluation has to be the basis for the scientific development of environmental quality criteria. Risk evaluation, for all environmental compartments and receptors, is based on three aspects. The first aspect is hazard characterization. In this part information is collected over the hazard effects of a contaminant and over the dose-response relations. Exposure assessment is the second stage. The behavior of a contaminant and the risk of exposure for the potential receptors will be quantified. Finally the results of the hazard characterization and the exposure assessment will be combined. This can result in a risk characterization and / or quality standards which are based on selected criteria. This project will focus on the development of a common strategy based on this approach for the different environmental compartments.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The NDP must indicate where in or along the Scheldt estuary measures must be taken on the medium long term (i.e. up till 2010), so that the objective of 2030, as set in the long term vision of the Scheldt estuary, can be reached. The NDP must indicate what is important for the natural functioning of the estuary, which improvements can be made, where measures can be complementary in the field, and which criteria are to be used as a reference. Also the Habitat Directive and the Bird Directive should be incorporated in the NDP.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

In the vicinity of rivers, flooding of available lowlands can be considered as a possibility to store river water temporarily at high water, minimizing the flooding danger of inhabited areas. It can function as a tool to deal with excessive water quantities, fitting in the concept of Integral Water Management. Creation of wetlands or controlled flooding areas can also be considered to develop a habitat for specific animal or plant species. However, due to industrial activities river water, soils, and sediments are often contaminated by metals. This can result in limitations to the ecosystem development or increased transfer of heavy metals to the food chain. As metals can accumulate, created wetlands can only be sustained if processes affecting metal mobility are thoroughly understood and metal fate can be predicted. However, they can be designed based on different flooding regimes, such as periodic inundations or permanent flooding, which has an impact on mobility, bioavailability and toxicity of heavy metals. The possible development scenarios when applying different flooding regimes are often inquired by governmental organisations, especially concerning polluted areas. Therefore, a thorough understanding of processes affecting metal mobility is needed to quantitatively predict the consequences of different management regimes on metal bioavailability, toxicity and ecosystem development. This study aims to contribute to management-oriented models to deal with questions arising from the creation of wetlands or controlled flooding areas. Such models should make it possible to predict trace metal behaviour and ecosystem development in controlled flooding areas. They should allow to evaluate whether and under which conditions ecosystem development may still be acceptable in terms of environmental quality and public health when choosing different wetland creation options. Moreover, criteria will be developed to appraise the risks arising from the creation of wetlands in polluted areas. Factorial experimental trials at the greenhouse scale will be set up to study biogeochemical processes as affected by different flooding scenarios. The influence of vegetation on soil biogeochemistry and, reverse, the impact of pollution on plant metal uptake, growth and development will be assessed by incorporating plant growth as a separate factor in the experimental set-up. Contaminant effects under the different management scenarios will be assessed using appropriate biomarkers and toxicity tests. Models constructed from these trials will be validated in a pilot-scale experiment. The data, constructed models and criteria will be brought together in a book and on CD-rom. Finally, the results will be disseminated to the various national and international research institutes and governmental bodies and a workshop will be organised to discuss the issue with national and international representatives of environmental departments.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

For rivers, in general, it has become increasingly clear that inputs via the headwaters exceed outputs to the estuary and the adjacent coastal sea. For nutrients, there is strong evidence for retention and transformation during transport from the small headwaters to the coastal sea. For the Scheldt system, previous research has focused mainly on biogeochemical processes in the estuarine environment and much less so on the upper catchments of the basin. A specific recent feature in the upper catchments of the Scheldt basin, especially in the Nete basin, is the enhanced development of macrophytes during summer, which is apparently linked with improvement of the water quality. The huge production of biomass can cause water levels to rise, even to the brink of flooding, but on the other hand it can act as a biological filter with respect to dissolved and particulate matter. The other important group of primary producers, phytoplankton, usually dominates in zones with different characteristics compared to those where macrophytes thrive. Both groups can attain quantitatively equivalent and important yearly productions. It is the aim of this project to understand and quantify the factors controlling the appearance and development of macrophytes and to quantify the effect of macrophytes on the nutrient export to the downstream zones. The questions will be tackled by (1) a detailed macrophyte inventory within the Nete river basin and the analysis of physical and chemical controlling factors, leading to the development of a predictive model of macrophyte occurrence; (2) a set of mass balance experiments and of process studies, performed on an appropriate river reach situated along the Aa river (a tributary of the Kleine Nete river) or in the laboratory. The temporal evolution of growth and biomass of macrophyte communities will be determined over the full growth season. Flume experiments under controlled conditions will focus on nutrient retention by macrophytes and nutrient delivery by the sediment, to assess influence of e.g. stream velocity and macrophyte density. These studies will be complemented with nutrient mass balance studies in the field, for situations with and without macrophyte presence. The decomposition process of macrophytes will be followed and the contribution of macrophyte detritus to the suspended organic matter pool followed. Further information on nutrient utilization during synthesis of and on the subsequent fate of the organic matter will be followed via stable isotope composition of the essential inorganic and organic substrates. Results of the project will be put together to develop a 1D transport-reaction model of the experimental Aa river reach in order to verify the coherence of the various approaches and to test the validity of the process formulations and rates. In parallel, an available modeling package will be set-up for the Kleine Nete river system and used as a predictive tool to assess the effect of various management options on the nutrient retention within the system and on nutrient export to the downstream zones. Besides the construction of predictive instruments for the quantitative assessment of nutrient fluxes the project results will also support decision making for basin management, especially concerning macrophyte development, based on criteria such as flood protection, amenity value and biodiversity preservation.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The dumping of dredged material in the Zeeschelde (B.) requires an environmental license it is necessary to know the expected effects on the ecosystem. An assessment of these effects is made on the basis on the available data, which has to be synthesised. A monitoring program is proposed in order to have optimal follow up of the expected effects. Therefore an ecosystemmodel will be used, and if necessary further developed.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

On 23 October 2000, the EU Water Framework Directive was finally adopted. The Directive, which was published in the Official Journal (OJ L 327) on 22 December 2000 and entered into force the same day. The Water Framework Directive expands the scope of water protection o all waters and sets clear objectives that a 'good status' must be achieved for all European waters by 2015 and that water use be sustainable throughout Europe. According the directive, the individual member states are obligated to describe ecological objectives or goals for the different waters. This project includes a theoretical study about how to define these ecological objectives. More specific this study will define ecological objectives for different biological quality elements (benthos, macro-algae, angiosperms and phytoplankton). Functional-ecological theories will be used to support the objectives or goals.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

High nutrient loads to lowland rivers has resulted in an increased growth of macrophytes. To garanty the discharge capacity managers of waterways remove all vegetation. This management has a lot of negative ecological consequences and leads to high economical costs. This project has the aim to develop mowing patterns which garanty the discharge and has a low ecological impact. Besides this we shall investigate the impact of this management on bottom morfology. In short we try to get insight in the relation between macrophytes, fysical parameters and different mowing patterns. The project is divided in 4 parts : mapping out of the vegetation, ex situ and in situ experiments, sediment dynamics. The results of the mapping out shall form the basis of the ex situ experiments. Together with the results of the in situ experiments and the sediment dynamics this has to lead in a proper management of waterways. In the ex situ experiments we test the following hypthesis : emergents have a greater influence on the efficiency of the mowing patterns than submergents. The ex situ experiments shall take place in a flume which gives us the chance to control biological and fysical parameters. Altogether this has to lead to optimal dates and frequencies of mowing.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Fellow: Bal Kris

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Riverine valleys in Flanders used to be characterized by a high species richness. Species richnes was a reflection of a high diversity in the abiotioc environment. However, due to intensification of the agricultural methods, nivelation of the abiotic environment occured. Hence, many species became (very) rare or even disappeared. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of intensive agricultural landuse on the abiotic environment and species diversity. Furthermore, the possibilities for recovery will be evaluated. Scenario's will be tested, a minimal scenario and a optimal scenario. The minimal scenario will assume intensive landuse in the valley while the optimal scenario will assume no intensive agricultural landuse.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This study aims to the composition of a manual for the sanitation of fish migration barriers, which is a policy support document on behalf of the rehabilitation of fish migration in Flanders. There are four major topics : the collection of literature data, a discussion of the migration action-plan, a proposal for the sanitation of migration barriers in Flemish watersheds (gradual, by priority) and finally the lay out of technical guidelines for the removal of migration barriers, illustrated with some examples.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

According to article 6 of the habitat directive, the individual member states are obligated to ensure that the habitat types and species for which these areas were designated are being preserved and restored. The instruments to do this, conservation measures, can freely be adopted by every member state. Before the conservation measures can be described, the goals and targets have to be determined. In this project, conservation targets will be defined for the SAP's and SAC's in the Antwerp Sea Harbour. Combined with a statistical analysis of the population en surface fluctuations of internationally important species and types during the last 25 years, functional-ecological theories will be used to support the targets.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The Flemish Network for Water (VWN) aims to give a forum for discussion related to water research, between the government, the research groups and the private sector. The discussions will lead to the identification of problems and needs in the field of water system knowledge. The VWN builds up and maintains the network and makes its information available on a website. The activities the VWN plans and develop have to concern actions stated in the Environmental Policy Plan for Flanders. Expected basic activities are the organization of a Forum for Water research, the launch and organization of a metadata bank, including drawing up an inventory of all relevant and available water system knowledge in Flanders, the identification of needs for research related to reporting for environmental analysis in the context of water research, and to follow up and make announce relevant information about European initiatives concerning water.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This projects aims at a solution for problems related, on the one hand, to water distribution during dry periods in Flemish navigable waterways and, on the other hand, to water depletion phenomena in the valleys. The first stage of the project produces a survey of all area-related water fluxes, issues and actors. Collected data are processed to compute a water balance to identify all problem-areas in the Flemish region. In a second stage the different associated actors (navigation, industry, agriculture, fishing, drinking-water supply, recreation, nature and different involved administrations) are being involved through interviews and a workshop. In a third stage a program of measures (e.g. reduction of water intakes by industry, nature & agriculture, ') is being worked out by using numerical models and cost-/benefit analysis for each waterway. This program is meant for effect-oriented implementation during shortage periods. Beside this, the goal of this project is to apply as many source-oriented measures as possible in order to decrease the occurrence of low flows and drought.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project aims to investigate the impact of the Sigma plan, dredging activities and port expansion on the environment in the Zeeschelde. Eight work packages are involved, tackling the monitoring of fysical, chemical and biological parameters in the pelagic, intertidal and subtidal compartments, also including the lateral waste input of the zeeschelde and its major tributaries. Compilation of the data in a database is foreseen in such way that the construction of an ecological model can take place. Work package 8 contains a study of the effects of water quality and tide on flooding areas of the Zeeschelde, by use of two mesocosm experiments.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project aims to investigate the impact of the Sigma plan, dredging activities and port expansion on the environment in the zeeschelde. Eight work packages are involved, tackling the monitoring of fysical, chemical and biological parameters in the pelagic, intertidal and subtidal compartments, also including the lateral waste input of the zeeschelde and its major tributaries. Compilation of the data in a database is foreseen in such way that the construction of an ecological model can take place. Work package 1 (study of the water quality) contains a monthly monitoring campaign of the water quality of the zeeschelde and its tributaries, monitoring of 6 tidal cycles, and the coordination of all work packages.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Estuaries are heterogenous and dynamic systems that contain specific life communities, but they too often suffer from human impact. The complexity of estuarine systems, in particular the Scheldt estuary, demands much research. The differentiation of the financial sources enhances fragmentation of research activities. The aim of the Scientific Community is to improve integration of estuarine research, thereby supported by international scientific feedback concerning research on the Seine estuary.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The goal of this project is to determine the role of tidal freshwater marshes in the nitrogen cycle of the Scheldt Estuary. It is generally thought that fringing marshes act as a filter for the estuarine water by removing inorganic and organic forms of nitrogen from the floodwaters or by changing the nitrogen speciation. The Scheldt Estuary, with its very densely populated watershed, is a typical example of an ecosystem receiving high loads of nitrogen and where important surfaces of tidal freshwater marshes could represent important potential N-sinks. Also, in the near future, it is planned by the regional authorities to lay out new controlled flooding areas, thereby increasing the possible filter capacity of tidal freshwater marshes. An integrative, in-situ study on the nitrogen exchange and cycling in tidal marshes will allow us not only to evaluate the role of these marshes in the estuarine nitrogen-budget, but also to identify and quantify the most important processes in the marsh that underlie this role. Classically, main approaches for studying the relationships between estuarine waters and fringing marshes suffer from inaccuracies in for instance the water budget, track only net changes, do not identify the processes and marsh compartments involved in the removal of nitrogen and are often difficult to extrapolate to a conclusive N-budget of whole marshes (Nixon 1980, Howarth 1993, Smith & Hollibaugh 1997). Recent advances in stable isotope analysis make it possible to do whole system labeling studies (Holmes et al. 2000, Middelburg et al. 2000), in which the stable isotope 15N can be used as a sensitive tracer of nitrogen cycling. We suggest to combine a whole-ecosystem labeling study with several additional studies directed at understanding the nitrogen cycling in important marsh compartments like the floodwater, sediments and macrophytes.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

SedNet provides a European platform where organisations responsible for the sustainable management of river basin/fresh water body related sediments and dredged material (problem owners) can meet and communicate with organisations (problems solvers) that help to provide solutions to their problems, in the form of tools, knowledge, technologies and expertise needed for that management. This platform supports, catalyses, optimises or facilitates: (1) demand driven research activities, (2) exchange of information between these activities, (3) co-operation between problem solvers and problem owners, (4) dissemination to, and exploitation of knowledge by problem owners, (5) publication of research results and (6) inform public and decision-makers. Furthermore, SedNet aims to complement existing EU networks and thematic working groups and aims to be an advisory board to European, national and regional authorities on sediment issues, and indirectly assist with their policy implementation.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The guidelines of 1996 have to be adjusted to current technologies. Part of this actualization was to develop guidelines for an ecological construction of several parts of the sewage system. Especially infiltration supplies, ditches and provisions of combined sewer overflows can become part of the ecological infrastructure with some adjustments. Guidelines for such an ecological construction were made based on literature, foreign methods and advices from experts. Special attention was given to storm water runoff quality. One section of the guidelines deals with the best practices to prevent or to treat pollution of storm water runoff.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Silica plays a major role in eutrophication of coastal waters around the world. Mechanisms controlling the production and fate of silica in estuarine systems are far from understood. Major indications have been reported that intertidal areas may be an important reservoir of silica in estuarine systems. This project intends to clarify the role of a freshwater marsh in the silica cycle within the Schelde estuary. Different silica pools in the marsh (vegetation, sediment, pore-water, groundwater and surface water) will be quantified. During a whole year, on a two-monthly basis, silica content of these pools will be monitored in different vegetation types. Interactions between the different silica pools will be studied by decomposition and dissolution experiments, both in situ and ex situ. Mass-balances will be performed seasonally to attain insight in exchange of silica between intertidal and subtidal area. In the end, these major goals will allow to construct an integrated view of the role of freshwater tidal marshes in the silica cycle within an estuarine system, by focusing on retention and processing of silica within the marsh.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Fellow: Struyf Eric

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

In the Netebasin in Flanders the discharge capacity is an important function and the growth of macrophytes can lead to a stowage of water with inundation as a consequence. To avoid these problems the vegetation is removed annually. This kind of management has a lot of ecological consequences for the present communities. A more ecological management with partial vegetation removal is an acceptable compromise between a sufficient discharge of water and the integrity of the water vegetation. At the moment there is a lack of fundamental information on such mowing pattern. The purpose of this project was to search for an ecological responsible management that does not jeopardize the discharge capacity. The project has 4 research areas : 1. The development of macrophytes in the Nete basin 2 .The relation between macrophytes and water discharge 3 .The effect of mowing patterns on the discharge capacity 4 .Conclusions and recommendations The average quantity of macrophytes was higher in the basin of the Klene Nete than in the Grote Nete basin. The biomasses in the upper streams are lower than in the more downstream parts of the basin which is a consequence of the higher acidity in the upper stream parts of the basin. The period of maximal biomass lies between May and Septembre for the different locations. In the future it would be wise to link the period of mowing to the dominant taxa or the from ecological point of view interesting taxa. The effect of vegetation on water discharge is that the stowage increases with increasing water velocity. The highest roughness coefficient (Manning-n) values are those from shallow brooklets with low discharges. With increasing biomasses the stowage will increase and the roughnesscoefficient will rise. Mowing in patterns can reduce the stowage from 40 till 88%. The efficiency in which the patterns improve the discharge was not different between the vegetation types, namely a submersed and mixed vegetation type. To avoid negative effects on the plant communities the mowing has to be as late as possible. If the circumstances demand that the vegetation has to be removed the mowing in patterns is an acceptable alternative. The type of pattern one has to use is dependent of the situation, the desirable reduction percentage for decline and the feasibility on the terrain.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The aim of the project is to collect all relevant information on meandering, channel morphology restoration or regeneration, which can contribute to river health. This study will serve as a solid foundation or a manual for policy support, by which future restoration projects can be implemented.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The biological assessment of sediment quality is an important methodology to see whether the sediments form a risk for the environment. Different parameters are used for this: macro-invertebrates, Oligochaetes, Chironomidae, Bivalves, nematodes. The composition of the macrobenthic community is used in many countries. The interpretation of the macrobenthic community can be done based on biotic indices. A specific indeed for the sediment was developed in Flanders, namely the Biotic Sediment Index (BSI). This method is tested and evaluated in large survey of the Flemish watercourses. Based on the 620 sampling locations the determination level of the different taxa to calculate the BSI is restricted. The assessment method based on mentum deformities of Chironomidae was also tested during this survey. This method is based on the percentage of deformities of the fourth larval stage of the Chironomidae. The deformities are a direct result of physical of chemical disturbance of the sediment. The oligochaete community is used for sediment quality assessment in France. The Oligochaete Index of Sediment Bioindication (IOBS) is developed and combined with total density and percentage of Tubificidae without setae. Beside the macrobenthic species sediment assessment can also be based on the meiobenthic community, especially nematodes. This methodology is used in the Netherlands. Based on the life strategy of the nematodes the Maturity Index (MI) is calculated. The four indices are compared in a survey of four locations, one on the river Meuse and three on the river Schelde.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The 'De Putten' site is a complex of low-lying meadows in the polders of the Scheldt between Doel and Kieldrecht (Belgium). The grasslands are brackish and very wet. These conditions has resulted in a very specific, valuable vegetation which makes the area very important for some rare species of breeding birds. It is why Belgium has indicated the 'De Putten' as an area important for the preservation of birds in accordance with the bird's directive (7/409/EEC). Because of the development of the Waasland port in the vicinity, 'De Putten' will be disappear in future under some meters sand. Before Belgium can do this, it has to take compensational measures for the loss of the 'De Putten' as is write down in the same bird's directive. This must lead to the creation of a likely habitat in the direct environment of the former location. Two areas are considered for this compensation: the nature area 'Drijdijk' and the agricultural area with a valuable landscape in the north of the Prosperpolder. The objective of this study is to see which specific, non-biotic circumstances are present in 'De Putten' and to see if we can create them in the areas formerly mentioned. So, we must in fact show if it is possible to create an area with a very likely hydrology to compensate for the loss of the 'De Putten' and when this is possible, we have to say how this must be done. For the execution of the project, we have divided it into five parts: 1) a detailed study of the groundwater and the surface waters: as well the quality as the quantity; 2) a detailed study of the soil, more specifically the texture and the fertility; 3) a study of the vegetation (species richness and content); 4) an experiment to study the colonisation of typical plant species; 5) an analysis of the seed-bank. At the end, we will have, apart from a decision on the compensation, the following five results: 1) insight into the typical hydrology of 'De Putten' and other polder-grasslands on the left bank of the Scheldt which make them so special for nature; 2) a detailed species list (plants and some animals); 3) an idea of how a former, nutrient rich field will be develop into a valuable wet meadow on a brackish soil; 4) the potential species richness; 5) spatial integration of the possible alternatives with nature areas (existenting or developing) in the neighbourhood

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

During the further extension of the docks in the Waasland, areas, protected by the birds directive nr. 3.6 `tidal marshes and polders of the Lower Scheldt will be destroyed. The loss of habitats of - the breeding and non-breeding birds in appendix I of the birds directive; - internationally important concentrations of overwintering and migrating bird species and - the rare Flemish breeding birds for which an important part of the population nested in this area will be compensated. This study will focus on the potential for nature development of an area of ± 130 ha: the `zuidelijke groenzone'. The area can be divided in two different parts: the southern part is a depression with pools and very humid parcels. The vegetation consists mostly of reed borders and other marshy vegetations. The altitude of the northern part is slightly higher because of the storage of sludge. De soil is dryer and more calcareous. Both gradients offer a large potential for nature development.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project by order of the Flemish government aims at drawing up an ecosystem management plan for the valley of the A-beek (province of Limburg, Belgium). According to the awarding authority (i.e. the Flemish government), an ecosystem management plan has to describe the locations where certain nature types have to be conserved, restored and/or developed within a specified area (in this case the valley of the A-beek). Based on the actual condition of nature and a reference condition (mostly based on the past) and taking in account the ecological potentiality, on or more wanted future conditions of nature will be described, in which is indicated where which nature types have to be developed. The ecosystem management plan needs to serve as a tool for the environmental policy in order to optimize the quality and structure of ecosystems in the valley. Based on the limiting conditions and the potentials for nature in the valley ecosystem, the study describes on or more wanted future conditions. The plan has to serve as a basis for the nature conservation and development policy in order to maximize the ecological functioning in the valley of the A-beek.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Nature in Flanders these days suffers from severe negative impacts caused by acidification, eutrophication and many others. Line shaped elements like watercourses are very vulnerable for these degradations. They run through as well natural and semi-natural areas as through or around villages and towns and so they have a greater risk to become degraded. In the Mina-plan, the plan for Environment and Nature, the Flemish government has laid down many objectives for nature. One of these is the maximal conservation of the present natural values for the next generation. Reference values are needed for controlling this and will be determined in this study. Particularly, we will determine 'target values' and marginal values of non-biotic parameters, which are relevant for acidification, dehydration and eutrophication. The target values determine the state of the environment in which a type of nature will develop in optimal conditions while the marginal values mark the range in which that type of nature still survives, but not optimally. In the ideal state, we must reach these values in our watercourses. With them, we can link environmental quality with nature targets. Also we can evaluate the quality data of the FEA (Flemish Environment Agency) directed towards nature.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Under natural conditions aquatic macrophyte vegetations are characterised by a large diversity of growth and life forms strongly altering in space and time. This large diversity is often correlated with a large diversity and a high amount of fauna-elements. Recently, a strong increase in macrophyte growth is observed in many lowland rivers in Flanders. The growth of macrophytes strongly influences the discharge capacity of watercourses. The correlation between the biomass and the discharge capacity is very complex and depends highly on the growth form of the macrophytes and on the flow rate. Dense vegetation related with high water levels encourage water managers to a more frequent and more intensive macrophyte cutting, with many ecological consequences for the present biocoenosis. The pattern of macrophyte cutting determines not only the increase in discharge capacity but also the regeneration of the vegetation and the impact on the fauna-elements. A management on a more ecological basis, cutting only a part of the macrophyte vegetation, might be seen as an acceptable compromise between sufficient discharge on the hand and keeping intact larger parts op the macrophyte vegetation (as a habitat for many organisms) on the other. The first aim of the project is a better understanding of the complex relationship between the biomass development of the different growth forms and their resistance on water discharge at different water levels and different current velocities. The second aim is a better understanding of the effect of macrophyte cutting. Two cutting patterns on a more ecological basis will be carried out and the effects on the discharge capacity will be investigated. The field research will be combined with an experimental approach in which both the abundance of some growth forms, and the depth and discharge of the artificial water canal can be fully controled. This interesting combination makes it possible to extrapolate the field results over the whole range of discharges and depths. The roughness coefficient can be calculated for different vegetation types and included in hydraulic models.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The decline of nature values in shallow standing waters in Flanders is often correlated with an oversupply of nutrients as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The exchange of nutrients between water and sediment is very complex and the uptake by submerged plants via roots and shoots depends on the growth form. Under oligotrophic and mesotrophic conditions the competition for nutrients is high and species rich vegetations are often found, combining many growth forms and vulnerable and rare species. These vegetations often contain very valuable fauna-elements. To propose protection, management, and nature development objectives for these water types a better understanding of the complex relationships between the nutrient content in the different compartments (water-sediment-plant) and the development and species richness of the vegetation is necessary. Especially a better view on the nutrient limitation determining valuable vegetation types is required. The role of the sediments in the nutrient limitation of the system is a largely unexamined field in Flanders. Based on our database of 200 standing waters in Flanders (macrophyte relevees and water quality data (VLINA/C97/02)), a series of waters with a large variation of nutrient contents and species richness will be selected. The main accent lies within the mesotrophic range. The different compartments, water - sediment (detritus - inorganic layer) - plant material and roots (divided in different growth forms) will be sampled during the growing season on a three-monthly basis. Biomass -production and N/P -content will be analysed and the nutrient dynamics of the aquatic system will be described. The relations between available and total nutrient concentrations on the one hand and biomass production, growth forms and species richness on the other give a good view on the limiting growth factors within the system determining the high nature values. To reduce the amount of variables the project will be carried out within a specific type of standing waters. Only shallow, freshwater ponds within the Campine area will be selected. Within this area, belonging to the sandy ecoregion of Flanders, a large natural variety of trophic levels and macrophyte vegetation is present.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

De potential value of a designated area need to be explored. These values are determined by the physical qualities of an area, the vegetation-structure and the hydrobiological condition of the territory. The main goal of this study is to produce a scientific basis on which future developments or modificatians in the management of the area can build.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The input of nutrients and pollutants from the rivers to the coastal seas has become a point of major concern in the last decade, resulting in some major research projects like Land Ocean Interaction in the Coastal Zone (LOICZ- IGBP). It became clear that the land water interactions does not only take place in coastal areas but occurs along the whole river continuum from the source to the mouth of the river. It are the biogeochemical processes which are responsible for the major transformations of carbon and nutrients within the system. Hence it became clear that the interaction between the hydrological cycle and the ecological processes should be studied at the level of the catchment. Indeed the human impact within the catchment normally results in a change in the hydrological situation due to drainage, water abstraction and engineering works within the river. The effects start already in the small headwaters and are propagated along the whole riversystem. These changes disturb vegetation and biogeochemical processes within the system, which often results in increased losses from the system, eventually resulting in an increased input in the coastal seas, where eutrophication finally occurs. This proposal will study these important interactions in the upper Biebrza River Catchment (North-East Poland). This is still a rather natural system, although some agricultural developments might result in an increased drainage and a higher nutrient input by fertilisation. An increased drainage might influence the balance between groundwater and surface water inflow into the floodplain and the river. Both changes in hydrology and the nutrient status of the water will affect the vegetation and the biogeochemical processes. A change in water quantity and quality within the floodplain might influence the vegetation present as this is very much dependent on water depth and seasonal changes herein. An increase in nutrient availability will also affect vegetation processes, fIrst by enhancing primary production and second by changing vegetation type. Eutrophication is a complex problem, which can be induced by changing hydrological conditions (internal eutrophication) or by a higher input of nutrients from agriculture (external eutrophication). Both processes do have an impact on the water quality .On the other hand ecotopes, which are often characterised by the constitutive vegetation type, do have a certain capacity to retent nutrients. The study of the presence of different vegetation types with the nutrient characteristics in the catchment, together with the hydrological dynamics, will allow an evaluation of the impact of human activities on the eco-hydrological properties of the system.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick
• Promoter: Verheyen Rudi

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Transport has a major impact on the environment. Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is a systetnatic process for evaluating the environmental consequences of policies, plans and programmes that form the planning framework for projects at the earliest stage of decision-making. During the planning process of a new transport plan for Flanders, SEA will be applied. By lack of SEA examples in Flanders, the SEA-concept will be developed during the first stage ofthe research project. During the second stage, the SEA-concept will be applied to the 'draft Trafisport Plan Flanders'. The research project wilt focus on impacts on nature and the water system, on network as weIl as on corridor level. Sustainability of Dature and water systems forms the framework ot'the project.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The Water and Wetland Index focuses on freshwater ecosystems all over Europe with special emphasis on two main areas: 'Wetland (Ecosystem) Health' and 'Water Resource'. The goal of the Index during the first development phase of the project (1st Wave data) is to assess the data quality and the ecological state of different freshwater habitats, and to assess sustainable management of water resources, based on a indicator approach. The long term aim of the Index is to give a comprehensive description of the 'driving forces, pressure, state and impact' of wetlands and water resources based on indicators. This approach follows the Driving force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response framework (DPSIR model) presented by OECD and Eurostat. The DPSIR framework is further elaborated on the basis of key environmental problems related to freshwater ecosystems in Europe. Collected data is organised under each main areas, Wetland (Ecosystem) Health and Water Resource. Each main area contains 3 - 4 categories and each category is based on a number of indicators. Indicators of the Index are listed in Table 1. Each indicator is described with guidelines and a short description of the specific considerations made when formulating the indicator. Some of these considerations cover more than one indicator

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The assignment contains the following objectives : a) the scientific preparation and development of a conceptual frame for the policy concerning the Flemish integrated water consultation b) the scientific support, follow-up and coordination of projects and assignments of the permanent project group of the VIWC c) the suggestion and development of a communication strategy with regards to the VIWC.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

An Ecosystem Management Plan (EMP) will be developed for different catchment areas in Flanders. These projects are an instrument of the Flemish Administration to optimize the ecological quality and nature value of valley-ecosystems. The valley of the Grote Nete is one of the case studies. Parts of the valley are selected as study area for a detailed vegetation survey. Based on the processing of field data, a vegetation typology will be worked out. Future conditions of nature will be described indicating on which site which nature type has to be protected or developed. The EMP starts from the present condition of nature combined with a reference condition (mostly based on the past) and taking into account the ecological potentiality. For the Grote Nete additional abiotic data of nutrients in the environment (ground- and surface waters) will give an overview of trophic conditions in some areas. These data will help us to define potential nature types. Specific target conditions will be described and the possibilities for implementation will be evaluated.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

An Ecosystem Management Plan (EMP) will be developed for different catchment areas in Flanders. These projects are an instrument of the Flemish Administration to optimize the ecological quality and nature value of valley-ecosystems and headwaters. The site catchments of the river Dender are one of the case studies. Some headwaters together with the valleys along two branches of the river Dender are selected as study area for a detailed vegetation survey. Based on the processing of field data, a vegetation typology will be worked out. Future conditions of nature will be described indicating on which site which nature type has to be protected or developed. The EMP starts from the present condition of nature combined with a reference condition (mostly based on the past) and taking into account the ecological potentiality. For the headwaters of the river Dender the value of the source brooks will get special attention. Specific target conditions will be described and the possibilities for implementation will be evaluated.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Within the scope of the long-term vision for the Schelde estuary, ecosystem goals will be formulated for the system based on the natural functional and structural characteristics of the estuary. These goals will be formulated focussing on the naturalness of the system, whereby the estuarine coupling between the river and the North Sea is centralized. Finally the goals will result in certain requirements for the total estuary or for certain regions within the estuary. Beside this a method is being developed to find out which requirements are needed to obtain these ecosystem goals. This method is using scientific knowledge of as well physical, chemical as biological processes. Finally the method must become a tool to see whether human interventions do not interfere with the ecosystem requirements.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to coordinate management of quantitative and structural aspects of water systems with the proposal of the European directive on water policy and to point out research priorities to realise actions of the environmental policy plan. This study will lead to an overall picture of scientific knowledge on quantitative and structural aspects of water systems, to a survey of aspects already studied or ordered by the actual policy, to an overview of gaps in knowledge in this research field and to priorities for new research. The study involves an analysis of the policy frame work (Environmental policy plan: MINAplan, the proposal of the European directive on water policy, the flemish proposal of the decree on integrated water management, the directive on nitrates, ') , an evaluation of actual knowledge on water system management and the formulation of research proposals for the coming years.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Previous to this project a method was developed for sediment quality assessment based on a Triad approach. This Triad method was used to qualify the sediments of small watercourses. The aim of this study is to qualify the sediments of big rivers and channels. The Triad assessment method is based on an integrated evaluation of the chemical, ecotoxicological and biological classification. Finally the sediments of the sampled locations will be divided into four classes, from good to very bad. At the end a good overview will exist of the quality of the sediment in all Flemish watercourses and locations can be chosen that need to be studied more carefully for sanitation. Beside this the developed Triad assessment method can be evaluated and improved, based on the collected data, before it will be used as a regular monitoring tool by the Flemish Environment Agency.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The goal of this study is the development of a global long-term vision for area focused nature conservation in Flanders. The project can be split into two parts: · drawing up future goals and objectives for nature in Flanders, based on scientific data · describing a strategy, measures and instruments to obtain these goals and objectives The result of this study should be the key guide to construct the Flemish nature conservation plan. This means that this research should result in a vision: a clear image of the desired kind of nature in the long term and what possibilities exist to realize it. This study will not attempt to describe the possibilities for nature in a specific geographical area, but will deliver a frame of thought that can be used to construct the nature conservation plan.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

A chart for policy support was designed based on a selection of ecological and strategic important rivers in the Flemish region. An inventory of migration barriers on these high priority streams, resulted in a cartographic reproduction of all migratory problems for fish, with specifications concerning the type of problem. For every migratory obstacle we suggested a possible solution because every migratory problem needs to be solved before 1/1/2010 in all the stream basins of the BENELUX. This inventory can be used as a foundation to solve every migratory problem on the high priority streams for fish migration in Flanders. This information is compiled in an Informix database, which will soon be available on an interactive website.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The index of biotic integrity can be used as an effective tool to measure the `health' of a stream. The influence of habitat- or water quality improving interferences and seasonal fluctuations of the fish community on the index of biotic integrity will be checked. The goal of this project is to develop a scientific founded IBI-methodology, which can be used as a foundation to use the principle of `ecological water quality' on the national and European policy and legislation.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The project `OMES' has reached a first halt. Final reports of partial projects have been presented. A lot of knowledge about processes within the biogeochemical cycle of C and N, about the role of vegetation, benthos, sedimentation etc. on the estuarine ecology has been built up. Nevertheless an integrated view comprising all the separate projects is still lacking. The aim of this project is to present this integrated approach. First a thorough investigation of the water quality is essential as background knowledge. Therefore all suitable data will be assembled in a data set. This set will then be enlarged by the results of a datasonde which is measuring from 1996 on. All these data will then be coupled with data of the tide. Tidal cycles will be carried out in order to quantify tidal variations. All final reports will be submitted to thorough study in combination with literature study. Relations and hypotheses will be put forward. Through extrapolation of the data set statements will be made about the past, the present and the future of the estuarine system.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Non point source pollution is a major factor of eutrophication of surface and ground water. Implementation of buffer zones can reduce the throughflow of nutrients to surface or groundwater. Also natural riparian zones do have a high capacity to retent nutrients. In these patches the biodiversity component can enhance the nitrogen retention in riparion zones. In this project three main goals are to be achieved. 1- Evaluation of the functionality of bufferzones in the catchment of the Zwalm (GIS-analysis). 2- A field monitoring experiment whereby the nitrogen retention is compared between a species poor grassland and a species rich wetland vegetation. 3- A mesocosmos experiment where the effect of biodiversity on the buffer efficiency will be studied. The integration of these three tasks should result in the formulation of measures for the implementation of buffer zones and for the management strategies of natural riparian zones in relation to biodiversity.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The aim of the project is to restore fish species diversity habitat restauration in brooks and rivers that are specified as area's that need special protection from to the Habitat Directive. Special intention will be given to rheofilic species, as there has been a severe decline in their distribution in Flanders over the past decades. Habitat rehabilitation measures will be worked out after a study of the habitat use of selected key species and an inventory of habitat availability in the rivers. Afterwards, post project appraisal will be carried out, to evaluate the restoration measures and to direct future projects.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

An inventarisation of migratory problems for fish on the most important streams of the Kleine and Grote Nete river-basins and the subbasin of the Mark (basin of the Maas) resulted in a cartographic reproduction of all migratory problems for fish, with specifications concerning the type of problem (with photo's and a specific description). For every migratory obstacle we suggested a possible solution. This research is part of a bigger project: every migratory problem needs to be solved before 1/1/2010 in all the stream-basins of the BENELUX. This inventory can be used as a foundation for a draw up of a program to solve every migratory problem on the most important streams for fish migration in the Flanders.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

As a result of the conditions of the `W.V.O. licence' needed to dredge large amounts of sludge from the Lower-Scheldt, the Ministry of the Flemish community division Environment and Infrastructure decided to remove sludge out of the Lower-Scheldt corresponding to an amount of 300.000 ton dry matter every year. That is prescribed in the `Policy plan for the sanitation of the sediment of the Lower-Scheldt'. A former clay pit at Steendorp (Temse, Belgium) is a possible site for the lagunation and disposal of dredged material from the Lower-Scheldt. After filling the pit a new destination could be given to the site. This study comprises an inventory of the abiotic and biotic environment of the study area, which will be the basis for an evaluation. Secondly we investigate the environmental risk of the project and what there must be done to realize the destination `nature'. For this purpose we will formulate a vision of the possible development of the site. Finally different scenarios will be drawn up for the setting up/design and the completing/finishing of the clay borrow pit.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Meire Patrick

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project