Research Pieter Van Der Veken

Abstract

Chronic inflammation plays a significant role in both the onset and progression of many diseases, including, but not limited to, cardiovascular disease, chronic infections, cancer, and inflammatory organ diseases such as COPD, NAFLD, and IBD. Furthermore, acute infections may also trigger chronic inflammation and associated long lasting sequelae. As the prevalence of these diseases is increasing in Western societies and also emerging in other regions, research in this area can have a profound societal and scientific impact. Regulated cell death, barrier dysfunction, and immune modulation are key drivers of chronic inflammatory processes (Fig. 1). There is growing evidence for a limited number of common molecular pathways underpinning the regulation of these processes, and hence for a complex interplay in their pathophysiology. In this regard, Infla-Med brings together UAntwerp's leading basic and translational researchers in these three domains to form a bench-to-bedside and back consortium. The collaboration of complementary forces has enabled scientific breakthroughs in inflammation-focused research and has proven crucial in leveraging collaborations and funding in this competitive research field. For instance, Infla-Med's first 'stage' (2016-2019) resulted in more than € 23M in awarded funding with an overall stable 45% success rate since 2016. Moreover, halfway through Infla-Med's second 'stage' (2020-2022), we have already acquired the same amount of competitive grants. In terms of excellence, Infla-Med's principle investigators have achieved remarkable success in securing large, highly competitive grants for interdisciplinary research at local (BOF-GOA/IMPULS), national (FWO-EOS, iBOF), and international (ERA.Net, Innovative Medicines Initiative, coordination of H2020-MSCA-ITN and HE-MSCA-DN projects) levels. This shows that Infla-Med has established a very high-performing synergistic research framework among its principle investigators. The next 'stage' of Infla-Med will focus on discovering additional scientific breakthroughs and increasing our involvement in leading international research networks and acquiring international excellence funding (ERC). Four key strategic decisions support these ambitious aims for Infla-Med's next stage.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: De Meyer Guido
• Co-promoter: Caljon Guy
• Co-promoter: De Meester Ingrid
• Co-promoter: De Winter Benedicte
• Co-promoter: Francque Sven
• Co-promoter: Segers Vincent
• Co-promoter: Smet Annemieke
• Co-promoter: Vanden Berghe Tom
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: Wullaert Andy

Research team(s)

• Physiopharmacology (PHYSPHAR)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a protease biomarker that is selectively expressed on activated fibroblasts. Strongly FAP+ fibroblasts are found in >90% of all tumors, in fibrotic tissue and in tissue remodelling. At UAntwerp, UAMC1110 was earlier discovered: a very potent and selective FAP inhibitor. Radiolabeled derivatives of UAMC1110, called FAPIs, can be used as diagnostics or as therapeutics ('theranostics'). Nowadays, a steeply increasing number of FAPIs is being synthesised. However, there are no good predictions for the in vivo behaviour of novel FAPIs and the understanding of the interactions between FAP and its inhibitors is still limited. Within this FWO-SB application, we will bridge the gap between the present in vitro biochemical evaluation and the in vivo preclinical experiments. In addition, we will provide an expansion of our knowledge about FAP-FAPI interactions. This increase in insights will be realised by: 1) FAPI-PLA, a highly interdisciplinary in vitro platform to accelerate the preclinical development of FAP-targeted theranostics. FAPI-PLA will enable a thorough evaluation of new FAPIs through a combination of biophysical characterization and assessment of their behaviour in a cellular context such that they may eventually be used as theranostics. 2) the elucidation of FAP-FAPI interactions by nanoscale structure determination to expand our knowledge on the interactions.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: De Meester Ingrid
• Co-promoter: Elvas Filipe
• Co-promoter: Sterckx Yann
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Fellow: de Groot Anke

Research team(s)

• Medical Biochemistry

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a group of tumor stromal cells typically associated with cancer growth and metastasis. These CAFs show high expression of the fibroblast activation protein (FAP) on the cell membrane. Due to the selective FAP expression and cancer-specific distribution, CAFs have emerged as a promising cancer diagnostic marker and an attractive therapeutic target. The recent success of FAP-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers, led to more research for radiopharmaceutical therapies to the this protein. Furthermore, a FAP-targeted approach gives the opportunity to use a using the same ligand for both imaging of the expression of FAP and to target it with a radionuclide therapy (theranostics), to enables a personalized cancer treatmentmedicine approach. However, the current FAP ligands show suboptimal tumor-residence time, which is of particular importance for radionuclide therapy. Therefore, in this application we aim to develop novel FAP-targeting radiotheranostics. The radiotracers will be first evaluated in vitro to assess FAP selectivity and activity, followed by in vivo imaging and therapy using a human cancer mouse model.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Elvas Filipe
• Co-promoter: Van den Wyngaert Tim
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Fellow: Vanermen Maarten

Research team(s)

• Molecular Imaging and Radiology (MIRA)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a protease biomarker that is selectively expressed on activated fibroblasts. Strongly FAP-positive fibroblasts are present in > 90% of all tumor types, in fibrotic disease lesions, and in other pathologies that involve tissue remodeling. Researchers at UAntwerp earlier discovered UAMC1110: to date the most potent and selective FAP-inhibitor described. UAMC1110 is now used widely as the FAP-targeting vector of the so-called FAPIs: radiolabeled derivatives of UAMC1110. These FAPIs can be used as diagnostics or as therapeutics ('theranostics'), depending on the radiolabel. Many UAMC1110-derived FAPIs are currently in clinical development in oncology, 2 of which were co-developed preclinically by UAntwerp. While these FAPIs have shown impressive clinical results in oncodiagnosis, radiotherapy applications are somewhat lagging. This is because the original FAPIs typically have short FAP-residence times, leading to short tissue retention and fast wash-out of radioactivity. Druglikeness is not a critical parameter for most oncology applications, because of the leaky tumor vasculature and loose tissue. In very dense tissue, such as in fibrosis, druglikeness can however be expected to become a key parameter. The host recently discovered several series of druglike, pharmacophore-optimized FAPIs, for which 3 patent applications were submitted in 2022 and 2023. We wish to investigate these molecules further and exploit their improved FAP-residence and druglikeness in oncology and fibrosis theranostics settings.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: De Meester Ingrid
• Co-promoter: De Winter Benedicte
• Co-promoter: De Winter Hans
• Co-promoter: Elvas Filipe
• Co-promoter: Francque Sven
• Co-promoter: Sterckx Yann
• Co-promoter: Stroobants Sigrid

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Radioligand therapy has recently received renewed attention as promising treatment option to improve cancer patient outcome. Compared to conventional cancer treatments, this strategy involves a more specific targeting of therapeutic radionuclides to the tumor, which aims to increase treatment efficacy. Despite recent progress, currently available treatments show insufficient tumor killing and normal tissue toxicity, and we hypothesize that a pretargeted click-to-release (C2R) strategy can bridge this gap. Within this strategy, we propose to explore Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP) inhibitors as tumor targeting vectors, to deliver a therapeutic radionuclide fragment intracellularly using cell permeable, cleavable transcyclooctene (dcTCO) constructs and compare it with conventional dTCOs. To reinsure intracelular release, after C2R, we designed new structures containing an RGD peptide (with integrin αvβ3 binding specificity). Our molecular constructs also aim to prevent FAP efflux, by using a guanidinium and nicotinoyl residualizing groups. This project will evaluate the reactivity, in vitro stability, logD and radiochemical yield of the new molecules, and the C2R efficiency of the dcTCOs. A FAP inhibitor (dimer) will be weaponized with a tetrazine handle to be the targeting vector and biorthogonal pair of these new constructs, and it's affinity and selectivity will be evaluated in vitro, against other proteases. The dcTCOs and dTCOs with better reaction kinetics and C2R efficiency (dcTCOs) will be selected for the development of 18F- and 125I-radiolabeled probes. The celular uptake and internalization will be evaluated on tumor cells (FAP positive cells, integrin αvβ3 positive cells, both FAP and αvβ3 positive). This project is a innovative strategy to improve the radiation dose delivered to the tumor and improving treatment outcome, while reducing radiotoxicity and achieving better treatment tolerability.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Elvas Filipe
• Co-promoter: De Meester Ingrid
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Fellow: Da Silva Gustavo

Research team(s)

• Molecular Imaging and Radiology (MIRA)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

(Bio)chemists think about molecules in terms of connectivity and spatial structure. These concepts match well with the actual structure of molecules on the nanoscale. Based on irradiation with a wavelength in the order of magnitude of the interatomic sizes (x-rays) in a periodically ordered structure (a crystal), from the diffraction pattern, the underlying structure can be calculated. Since the '80s this is a standard technique for experimentally visualizing molecules. The importance of it is impossible to overestimate – a majority of the 3D information about atoms and molecules, from molecules consisting of a few atoms to proteins and even complete cell organs like ribosomes, stems from x-ray diffraction measurements. The technique is of incredible importance both for the unambiguous characterization of newly synthesized small molecules, including their stereochemistry, as well as for macromolecules like proteins, and their complexes with pharmacologically active compounds. This allows to elucidate drug and disease mechanisms. This project concerns the purchase of a modern x-ray diffractometer, which will allow to obtain this information faster, with better quality, close to the research involved, and in-house. This will lead to a substantial acceleration within these research topics, to new cooperations both within and outside UAntwerp, and to the initiation of new research, by making this technique broadly available and easily accessible.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Vande Velde Christophe
• Co-promoter: Maes Bert
• Co-promoter: Meynen Vera
• Co-promoter: Sterckx Yann
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: Van Doorslaer Sabine

Research team(s)

• Intelligence in PRocesses, Advanced Catalysts and Solvents (iPRACS)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is a spectroscopic technique that provides unique insight into the chemical structure and conformational dynamics of molecules. It is indispensable for medicinal and organic chemistry, for natural products research and for all related domains drawing on organic chemistry. For all publications in these fields, journals demand that research data are extensively supported by NMR-analysis: if NMR data are not or only partially delivered, research cannot be accepted for publication. This is because NMR spectroscopy is a sui generis methodology for which no generally applicable alternatives exist. There are currently only two operating NMRs left at UAntwerpen (both 400 MHz): one in the Medicinal Chemistry research group (UAMC) and one in the Organic Synthesis group (ORSY). In both groups, a large number of externally and internationally funded projects entirely rely on these very intensively used machines. Loss or temporary drop-out of a remaining instrument would have ruinous consequences on research. The available spectrometer at UAMC will be 15 years old in 2024 and at the end of its expected life-time. We therefore would like to replace the UAMC NMR. Spectrometers working at 400 MHz are the literature standard for most medicinal, organic and natural products applications and are expected to remain so for the next two decades. This application also fits in a long-term strategy to ensure that NMR-dependent research remains possible at UAntwerp.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Co-promoter: Billen Pieter
• Co-promoter: Elvas Filipe
• Co-promoter: Maes Bert
• Co-promoter: Prothiwa Michaela
• Co-promoter: Tuenter Emmy
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a protease biomarker that is selectively expressed on activated fibroblasts. Strongly FAP-positive fibroblasts are present in > 90% of all tumor types, in fibrotic disease lesions, and in other pathologies that involve tissue remodeling. Researchers at UAntwerpen earlier discovered UAMC1110: to date the most potent and selective FAP-inhibitor described. UAMC1110 is now used widely as the FAP-targeting vector of the so-called FAPIs: radiolabeled derivatives of UAMC1110. These FAPIs can be used as diagnostics or as therapeutics ('theranostics'), depending on the radiolabel. While these FAPIs have shown impressive clinical results in oncodiagnosis, radiotherapy applications are somewhat lagging. This is because the original FAPIs typically have short FAP-residence times, leading to short tissue retention and fast wash-out of radioactivity. To date, mainly optimization strategies that significantly discount on 'druglikeness' have been explored. Examples include the use of 'multi-valency' and the addition of lipophilic, albumin-binding moieties. Remarkably, only a very limited number of papers have focused on optimizing the UAMC1110 pharmacophore. Some of these again have led to very large molecules. Druglikeness is not a critical parameter for most oncology applications, because of the leaky tumor vasculature and loose tissue. In very dense tissue, such as in fibrosis, druglikeness can however be expected to become a key parameter. The host recently discovered several series of druglike, pharmacophore-optimized FAPIs, for which patent applications were submitted. For the last of these applications (submitted in August 2023), we would like to generate additional data that support and exemplify the claims. More specifically, we want to synthesize novel druglike FAPIs that are covered by the patent application's Markush Formula and associated biological data.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: De Meester Ingrid
• Co-promoter: Elvas Filipe

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

In tumors, autophagy acts as a survival mechanism that protects tumor cells from cytotoxic drugs and the hypoxic and nutrient-deprived tumor microenvironment. Inhibition of autophagy has been shown to increase and restore sensitivity to cytotoxic therapy and to promote tumor cell death, both in vitro and in vivo. Recently, there is also evidence that autophagy plays a critical role in tumoral angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. To date, only the weak, non-specific autophagy inhibitor chloroquine is clinically used in oncology. Other, more specific autophagy blockers have been reported, e.g. inhibitors of the autophagy kinases ULK1/2 and Vps34. While potent in vitro, clinical translation is difficult: obtaining reproducible autophagy inhibition in vivo is challenging with these agents. This sets the stage for this project, which aims to prepare and investigate the following 2 novel compound types: 1) ULK1/2 and Vps34 PROTACs. These compounds could be especially efficient at inhibiting autophagy because they clear ULK1/2 or Vps34 from the cytosol: this not only abrogates their kinase activities, but also additional functionality that is exerted through protein-protein interactions. 2) Tumor-selective kinase inhibitors and PROTACs. Selective delivery of autophagy inhibitors to tumors would allow both intratumoral accumulation of the molecules and reduce exposure of healthy tissue. To this end, we will prepare peptide-drug conjugates of ULK1/2 and Vps34 inhibitors and PROTACs.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: Cianni Lorenzo
• Co-promoter: Martinet Wim
• Fellow: Willemsen Martijn

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project website

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Dipeptidyl-peptidase 9 (DPP9) is a post-proline cleaving serine protease. Lately, the enzyme captured the attention of immunology and oncology researchers, after it was shown that DPP9 inhibition causes pyroptosis (pro-inflammatory cell death), selectively in myeloid leukemia cells. To date, no selective DPP9 inhibitors have been reported. However, in early 2023 the host lab discovered a series of subnanomolar DPP9 inhibitors with selectivity indices > 103 against all other proline-selective proteases (unpublished data). These molecules will be structurally optimized and investigated toward three specific applications: 1) Inhibitors with maximal pyroptosis induction potency. Structural parameters will be investigated that maximally disrupt the protein-protein interaction (PPI) between DPP9 and the inflammasome sensors NLRP1 and CARD8. Disruption of these PPIs sets off pyroptosis induction. 2) Selective activity-based probes for DPP9. Proof-of-concept for these molecules will also be delivered by tracking active DPP9 inside live cells and quantifying it in cell lysate. 3) Inhibitors with optimized in vivo pharmacokinetics. This will maximize the impact and clinical translatability of our endeavors. Optimal molecules can become drug candidates, for example against myeloid leukemias.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: De Meester Ingrid
• Fellow: Peeters Sarah

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular recycling process that removes unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular components from the cytoplasm. Defective autophagy is a main feature of several human pathologies such as neurodegeneration, cancer and cardiovascular disease. Accordingly, there is strong interest in pharmacological agents that stimulate autophagy. Yet, the unequivocal validation of autophagy induction as a therapeutic strategy is currently lacking. Many obstacles remain, including the absence of potent, selective, and druglike autophagy inducers and easily transmissible preclinical results obtained with such compounds. This project aims to address the existing limitations in the field. We recently performed a phenotypic high-throughput screen on a library of diverse lead-like molecules and several novel autophagy-inducing molecules were identified. Moreover, derivatives of the initial hits were synthesized in order to obtain drug-like compounds with a more favorable biopharmaceutical profile. In this proposal, the autophagy-inducing potency and pharmacokinetic profile of the identified hits and derivatives will be thoroughly characterized both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the most promising autophagy inducer will be tested in a mouse model of advanced atherosclerosis. We expect that the knowledge and molecular tools generated by this project will have a major impact on (pre)clinical drug research and may improve human health through autophagy induction.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Martinet Wim
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Fellow: Mertens Freke

Research team(s)

• Physiopharmacology (PHYSPHAR)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Autophagy is a ubiquitous physiological process that breaks down and recycles obsolete or dysfunctional cellular components. It helps cells to survive during times of nutrient deprivation and supports clearance of protein aggregates and damaged subcellular components, thereby avoiding proteotoxic stress. Impaired autophagy has been identified as a hallmark of multiple pathologies, among others cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. During the last years, preclinical evidence has mounted that pharmacologically inducing autophagy, could be a game-changer in the treatment of these diseases. From a safety and efficiency perspective, one might question whether systemic treatment with autophagy inducers is the optimal way to address the localized autophagy defects that are present in most of these diseases. With that respect, we propose a cell-type specific strategy for delivering autophagy inducers. More specifically, we will prepare autophagy inducers that are chemically derivatized to target two cell types that play a key role in diseases characterized by impaired autophagy: 1) vascular endothelium (atherosclerosis) and 2) hepatocytes (NAFLD/Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). All new compounds will be thoroughly investigated in vitro and in cells. The most promising compound will be submitted to in vivo investigation in a murine model of either atherosclerosis or NAFLD.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: Cianni Lorenzo
• Co-promoter: Martinet Wim
• Fellow: Grintsevich Sergei

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Dipeptidyl-peptidase 9 (DPP9) is a proline-selective serine protease. Recently, DPP9 inhibition has shown to cause pyroptosis selectively in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Pyroptosis is a lytic form of programmed cell death. The process typically recruits immune cells and inflammatory mediators, causing a localized activation of the innate immune system. This is appealing for leukemia treatment, because the immune-response to leukemic cells is typically subdued. Recent mechanistic insight shows that DPP9 suppresses pyroptosis through a stabilizing protein-protein interaction (PPI) with the NLRP1 and CARD8 inflammasome sensors. DPP9 inhibition mildly impairs the interaction, causing some NLRP1 and CARD8 release and induction of pyroptosis. We hypothesize that clearance of DPP9 from the cytoplasm could be a more effective way of causing pyroptosis than inhibition. To this end, PROTAC and AUTAC approaches will be pursued in this project. PROTACs and AUTACs are heterobifunctional molecules that mediate the degradation of a protein of interest (POI) by hijacking the cell's own proteasome and autophagic system, respectively. The project covers preparation and in depth biological investigation of the novel molecules. It can be expected to significantly advance the state-of-the art in the field of DPP9 research, targeted protein degradation and leukemia therapy.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: De Meester Ingrid
• Co-promoter: Martinet Wim
• Fellow: Nozal García Vanesa

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

PaCaNano hypothesizes that therapeutic failure in pancreatic cancer (PC) can be overcome via a novel nanoparticle (NP) technology that allows targeting both cancer and stroma cells. To deliver proof-of-concept, we have selected gemcitabine phosphate (GemP) nanoparticles, recently developed by project partners KIT and UMG. These NPs have a very high gemcitabine load (80% by mass) and have already shown preclinical promise in PC. PaCaNano aims to further optimize these NPs by adding 'tumor homing' units: 1) a 'diabody', patented by partner UNIFI, that will guide GemP-NPs to PC cancer cells. 2) Alternatively, a UAMC1110 derivative will be used that offers specificity for FAP+ cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). UAMC1110 was discovered by partner UANTWERP. It is the CAF-targeting unit of all 'FAPI' theranostics. We will also add FAP-activatable, non-toxic chemotherapy prodrugs to the stroma-targeting NPs. For this, SN38, vedotin and daunorubicin have been selected. SN38 is the toxic, active metabolite of irinotecan which is also part of the FOLFIRINOX therapy in PC. Vedotin and daunorubicin are highly toxic chemotherapeutics, of which the potential could be exploited in PC via direct delivery to the tumor. PaCaNano will investigate all NPs first in vitro: in cells (cancer cells/CAFs), in PC-tissue and in patient-derived organoids. In vivo research will include biodistribution and efficacy studies in KPC and PC-PDX mice. In this framework, we will also investigate a 2-step strategy: FAP-targeting NPs are first used to ablate the dense tumor stroma. This will expose cancer cells, which will be targeted with the corresponding GemP-NPs in a second step. The ability to deliver highly cytotoxic drugs in high concentrations specifically to tumor/metastases is expected to minimize adverse effects and maximize therapeutic benefit, with a higher chance of curing PC patients. The NP platform is also very flexible and can be applied to other chemotherapeutics and cancer types.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Europe has a high cancer burden: in 2020, 2.7 million EU citizens were diagnosed with the disease and 1.3 million lost their lives to it. This toll is expected to increase further, mainly because Europe's population is ageing: by 2035, cancer will be the leading cause of death in the EU. In 2021, the EC published its 'Europe's Beating Cancer Plan' (EBCP), calling for a big push in cancer research. Cancer diagnostics and therapeutics should rapidly become more effective and selective, patient-friendly and personalized. All these goals are directly addressed by developing better tumor targeting strategies. Typically, they consist of equipping diagnostics and therapeutics with a vector unit. The vector unit binds to a protein that is overexpressed on cancer cells or in the Tumor Micro-Environment (TME), causing the diagnostic or therapeutic payload to accumulate in the tumor. Over the last decades, huge effort has gone in approaches that use antibodies as vectors, but return-on-investment has overall been rather poor. Exciting, recent innovations rely on small molecule vectors that target TME proteases. Proteases are ideal candidates for tumor targeting: they are often strongly overexpressed in the TME and possess an active site that allows high-affinity anchoring of vectors. Members of this consortium have played a leading role in these developments. OncoProTools wants to force breakthroughs in cancer diagnosis and therapy by: 1) Exploring innovative venues for protease targeting in CAR T cell therapy. 2) Discovering novel vectorsthat bind to other TME proteases: cathepsins S, B, L and granzyme B 3) Personalize applications of protease targeting: deliver innovative diagnostics through deeper understanding of TME biology. At the same time, OncoProTools will deliver a training program that truly captures the MSCA values, to 10 Doctoral Candidates. They will be provided with all capabilities to become leaders of tomorrow's R&I in Europe

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Dipeptidyl-peptidase 9 (DPP9) is a proline-selective serine protease that belongs to the peptidase S9 family. During recent years, DPP9 inhibition has shown to cause pyroptosis, selectively in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Pyroptosis is a lytic form of programmed cell death, that has mainly been observed in immune cells. The process typically recruits and activates other immune cells and inflammatory mediators, causing a localized activation of the innate immune system. This is particularly appealing for leukemia treatment, because the immune-response to leukemic cells is typically severely subdued. Recent mechanistic insight suggests that native DPP9 suppresses pyroptosis through a stabilizing protein-protein interaction (PPI) with the NLRP1 inflammasome sensor. Furthermore, DPP9 inhibition with small molecules only has a mildly destabilizing effect on the [DPP9-NLRP1] PPI. This proposal suggests the targeted clearance of DPP9 from the cytoplasm in acute myeloid leukemia cells to cause pyroptosis through enhanced NLRP1 activation. PROTACs and AUTACs are heterobifunctional molecules that mediate the degradation of a protein of interest (POI) by hijacking cell's own proteasome and autophagic system, respectively. The implementation of PROTAC and AUTAC technologies for targeted clearance of DPP9 and consequent pyroptosis induction in acute myeloid leukemia cell lines is proposed in this project. PROTAC and AUTAC molecules will be designed and synthesized, followed by in vitro evaluation of their cell permeability, DPP9-engagement, DPP9 clearance potency and selectivity, and dose/time dependence of DPP9 clearance. Furthermore, a comparison of the pyroptosissignatures of PROTACs, AUTACs and DPP9 inhibitors will be performed. Overall, this proposal can provide a superior therapeutic strategy to AML and other cancer types.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: Martinet Wim
• Fellow: Florindo Espadinha Margarida

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a cell surface marker of Cancer- Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) in most sarcomas and in > 90% of carcinomas. Together with its negligible expression in most other tissues, this makes FAP a nearly-universal biomarker of tumors. During the past years, diagnostic and therapeutic targeting of FAP with so-called 'FAPIs' has attracted strong attention from nuclear medicine/oncology specialists. Noteworthy, all FAPIs owe their remarkable tumor homing potential to a potent and selective FAP-binding subunit: UAMC1110, reported by the applicants of this proposal. Because FAPIs require further optimization of tumor residence time, we aim to link multiple FAPIs or FAPI subunits to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In this way, we hope to obtain FAP-targeting AuNPs with unprecedented FAP affinity and tumor residence, due to the 'multivalency effect'. The nanoparticles will be investigated as cancer theranostics in a mouse model of colorectal cancer and as diagnostics in a lateral flow assay.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: De Meester Ingrid
• Co-promoter: Elvas Filipe
• Co-promoter: Sterckx Yann
• Co-promoter: Stroobants Sigrid

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Inflammation is an immune response in which the cytosolic multiprotein complexes, inflammasomes, are crucial signaling platforms. Only recently, a master inflammasome regulator has been uncovered: the widely distributed intracellular serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9). More specifically, DPP9 is a binding partner and a negative regulator of two related Pathogen Recognition Receptors (PRRs), named 'NLRP1' and 'CARD8'. Precise insight into the mechanism is lacking as no selective DPP9 inhibitors have been reported to date. Interestingly, our preliminary data indicate that there are some differences in DPP9 (co)localization/complex formation with these PRRs among different human blood cell types. UAntwerp developed promising DPP9 inhibitors (Benramdane S, submitted) and PROTACs (heterobifunctional molecules that target a protein to degradation), creating a momentum to characterize and validate them for use in a cellular context. This PhD's overarching goal is to apply the two best DPP9 inhibitors to visualize [DPP9-CARD8] and [DPP9-NLRP1] interactions in situ in primary human blood cells and, at the molecular level, to determine the binding parameters of these interactions, both in the absence and presence of the best DPP9 inhibitors. To check whether effects are 'on-target', control experiments using PROTACs and a DPP9-/- cell line will be included. Understanding DPP9-inflammasome-related protein interactions is required to evaluate their potential as drug-targets.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: De Meester Ingrid
• Co-promoter: Sterckx Yann
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Fellow: Mertens Kathleen

Research team(s)

• Medical Biochemistry

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a serine protease expressed on stromal cells of > 90% of all epithelial cancers, whereas its expression is almost undetected in normal tissues. In addition, FAP expression is highly restricted and transiently increased in adult tissues during wound healing, inflammation or fibrosis in activated fibroblasts. Among the stromal cells, cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) having a FAP-positive phenotype have been associated with poor prognosis in multiple cancers. The highly focal expression and cancer-specific distribution of FAP make this protein a promising cancer diagnostic marker and an attractive therapeutic target. Motivated by the success of FAP-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers, FAP-targeted radiopharmaceutical therapies are currently heavily investigated. In addition, FAP-targeted radiopharmaceuticals offer the possibility of imaging diagnostics and targeted radionuclide therapy using the same ligand (theranostics), enabling personalized cancer treatment. However, the relatively rapid washout from the tumor and inadequate pharmacokinetics of current FAP ligands represents a major problem for radioligand therapy. Therefore, the goal of this application is to develop FAP-targeting radiotheranostics. Radiotracers will be evaluated in vitro to assess FAP activity and selectivity. Finally, a human cancer mouse model will be used to assess both imaging and therapeutic potential of our FAP- radiotracers. If successful, our strategy will help physicians select patients who can benefit from FAP-targeted radionuclide therapy.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Elvas Filipe
• Co-promoter: Van den Wyngaert Tim
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Fellow: Vanermen Maarten

Research team(s)

• Molecular Imaging and Radiology (MIRA)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Europe has a high cancer burden: in 2020, 2.7 million EU citizens were diagnosed with the disease and 1.3 million lost their lives to it. This toll is expected to increase further, mainly because Europe's population is ageing: by 2035, cancer will be the leading cause of death in the EU. In 2021, the EC published its 'Europe's Beating Cancer Plan' (EBCP), calling for a big push in cancer research. Cancer diagnostics and therapeutics should rapidly become more effective and selective, patient-friendly and personalized. All these goals are directly addressed by developing better tumor targeting strategies. Typically, they consist of equipping diagnostics and therapeutics with a vector unit. The vector unit binds to a protein that is overexpressed on cancer cells or in the Tumor Micro-Environment (TME), causing the diagnostic or therapeutic payload to accumulate in the tumor. Over the last decades, huge effort has gone in approaches that use antibodies as vectors, but return-on-investment has overall been rather poor. Exciting, recent innovations rely on small molecule vectors that target TME proteases. Proteases are ideal candidates for tumor targeting: they are often strongly overexpressed in the TME and possess an active site that allows high-affinity anchoring of vectors. Members of this consortium have played a leading role in these developments. OncoProTools wants to force breakthroughs in cancer diagnosis and therapy by: 1) Exploring innovative venues for protease targeting in CAR T cell therapy. 2) Discovering novel vectorsthat bind to other TME proteases: cathepsins S, B, L and granzyme B 3) Personalize applications of protease targeting: deliver innovative diagnostics through deeper understanding of TME biology. At the same time, OncoProTools will deliver a training program that truly captures the MSCA values, to 10 Doctoral Candidates. They will be provided with all capabilities to become leaders of tomorrow's R&I in Europe

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: De Meester Ingrid
• Co-promoter: Elvas Filipe
• Fellow: Shikut Nikita
• Fellow: Thanopoulou Magdalini

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project website

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

During the past decades, many traditional medical imaging techniques have been established for routine use. These imaging modalities, such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound (US), and radionuclide imaging (PET/SPECT) are widely applicable for both small animal and clinical imaging, diagnosis and treatment. A unique feature of molecular imaging is the use of molecular imaging agents (either endogenous molecules or exogenous tracers) to image particular targets or pathways and to visualize, characterize, and quantify biological processes in vivo. Dedicated high-resolution small animal imaging systems such as microPET/CT scanners have emerged as important new tools for preclinical research. Considerable benefits include the robust and non-invasive nature of these small animal imaging experiments, enabling longitudinal studies with the animal acting as its own control and reducing the number of laboratory animals needed. This approach of "miniaturised" clinical scanners efficiently closes the translational feedback loop to the hospital, ultimately resulting in improved patient care and treatment. By this underlying submission, our consortium aims to renew our 2011 microPET/CT scanners after their ten-year lifetime by a digital up-to-date system in order to continue our preclinical molecular imaging studies in several research fields, including neuroscience, oncology and tracer development.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Staelens Steven
• Co-promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Co-promoter: Bertoglio Daniele
• Co-promoter: Elvas Filipe
• Co-promoter: Stroobants Sigrid
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: Verhaeghe Jeroen

Research team(s)

• Molecular Imaging and Radiology (MIRA)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) is a cytosolic serine protease. It is related to, among others, the diabetes drug target DPP4 and to DPP8. Especially DPP8 is highly homologous with DPP9 and both enzymes generally occur simultaneously in the cells. Recent research shows that DPP9 is an NLRP1-inflammasome inhibitor and, most notably, that DPP9 inhibition leads to inflammatory cell death (pyroptosis) in most Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) cell lines. This effect is also reproduced in mouse models of AML, indicating that DPP9-inhibition could be an innovative strategy to treat AML and related hematological malignancies. To date, only non-selective DPP8/9-inhibitors have been reported and these compounds are known to have toxicity and stability issues, limiting their application to preclinical settings. Recent, preliminary data obtained by the hosting labs show that specific structural modifications of the marketed DPP4 inhibitor vildagliptin, yields molecules with unprecedented selectivity for DPP9 over all related proteases. These molecules will be further optimized in this project to obtain analogues with maximized DPP9 selectivity. All molecules will be evaluated for DPP9 potency/selectivity. Selected representatives will be further investigated in cells and for the most promising molecule, in vivo pharmacokinetics will be determined in healthy mice. Finally, the most promising inhibitor will also be used as a structural template for activity-based biomarker probes of DPP9.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: De Meester Ingrid
• Co-promoter: De Winter Hans
• Fellow: Filippi Nicolò

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Autophagy is a ubiquitous process that removes unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular components from the cytoplasm. Defective autophagy is currently emerging as a hallmark of many diseases. In this framework, there is strong interest in pharmacological agents that stimulate autophagy (so-called 'autophagy inducers'), as a potential treatment for these diseases. The unequivocal validation of autophagy induction as a therapeutic strategy, however, is far from established. Many obstacles persist, including the lack of druglike, selective autophagy inducers and readily translatable preclinical results that are obtained with such compounds. In addition, the availability of reliable biomarkers for autophagy and additional fundamental safety data for the approach, would strongly contribute to its validation. This proposal addresses existing limitations in the state-of-the art in the domain. We have recently carried out a phenotypic High-Throughput Screen (HTS) on a curated compound library. Members in this library were preselected from different providers based on in silico druglikeness scores. One compound family that was identified in the screen and maximally validated prior to this application, will be further optimized chemically for autophagy induction potency and biopharmaceutical properties. The biopharmaceutical profile of the best new representative will be thoroughly characterized in vivo, both involving PET-based pharmacokinetics and phenotypic pharmacodynamics. The compound will subsequently be investigated in two mouse models of diseases characterized by defective autophagy: atherosclerosis and Charcot-Marie-Tooth periferal neuropathy. In addition, we propose to investigate whether autophagy induction is intrinsically sufficiently safe as a therapeutic strategy. Existing hypotheses that autophagy induction could accelerate tumorigenesis and/or tumor growth will be investigated in vivo. In the same framework, metabolomics will be relied on to monitor eventual cellular stress fingerprints that result from chronic or long-term autophagy stimulation. Finally, metabolomics will also be relied on to identify cellular biomarkers of autophagy induction. The latter will be validated in plasma samples of animals that were systemically treated with autophagy inducers. Combined, we expect the knowledge and tools that are generated by this proposal to have strong impact on the field of autophagy research and ongoing endeavors to validate autophagy induction as a therapeutic strategy.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: Martinet Wim
• Co-promoter: Stroobants Sigrid
• Co-promoter: Timmerman Vincent
• Co-promoter: van Nuijs Alexander

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Autophagy is a normal physiological process that removes unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular components from the cytoplasm. Defective autophagy is currently emerging as a hallmark feature of many diseases, including Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathy. In this framework, basic research and drug development have a strong need for reliable, drug-like autophagy inducers. We carried out a phenotypic high-throughput screen on compounds that were preselected based on drug likeness parameters. In total, 3 distinct chemical families were identified that previously have not been associated with autophagy induction. After thorough validation, potency and gross mode-of-action studies, the most promising chemical family was prioritized. Structure-activity relationships will be constructed for this chemical family. In addition, chemical optimization will be pursued to obtain novel representatives with further improved potency and a maximally favorable physicochemical profile. Efforts will be done for target finding. All novel compounds will be thoroughly investigated in a cell model for CMT neuropathy associated with mutations in the small heat shock proteins HSPB1 and HSPB8. To fully characterize this translational potential, in vivo evaluation in an established mouse model will be carried out for one maximally optimized compound.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Timmerman Vincent
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

• Peripheral Neuropathies Group

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Preliminary evidence shows that the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9), which is present in macrophages, plays a role in controlling the inflammatory response and associated cell death. Inflammation is a normal response of tissues against infections, chemical insults and physical injuries. However, in some cases, it becomes chronic and causes harm. A better understanding of the inflammatory process provides new therapeutic opportunities. In this project, we will focus on the role of the intracellular protease DPP9 in macrophages derived from human white blood cells. The crystal structure of DPP9 was recently solved, and can now be used to design DPP9 inhibitors. We will develop selective and potent DPP9 inhibitors and substrates. We will also engineer the human THP-1 cell line to eliminate DPP9. Using the DPP9 inhibitors and engineered cell lines, we will determine under which conditions DPP9 plays a key role in macrophage function. Finally, the molecular binding partners of DPP9 will be identified. We will look for natural substrates as well as non-substrate interaction partners of DPP9 in macrophages. The interactions will be characterized at the molecular level. Our fundamental biochemical findings and novel chemical tools will significantly advance the development of future therapies for diseases where DPP9 plays a role.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: De Meester Ingrid
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

• Medical Biochemistry

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Autophagy is crucial in the (patho)physiology, including inflammation, infection and cancer.Autophagy functions as a survival mechanism by maintaining viability during periods of stress, and byremoving damaged organelles and toxic metabolites, such as protein aggregates or intracellular pathogens. The Atlantis research consortium (AuTophagy in InfLAmmatioN and inflammaTory dISorders) brings together a team of expert investigators from the complementary fields of autophagy, (cancer) cell death signaling, inflammation signaling, angiogenesis and atherosclerosis, and drug screening and medicinal chemistry. We will study in an integrated way the impact of autophagy and its pharmacological modulation in various vascular diseases with a focus on the endothelium and its functional interaction with immune cells in sepsis, tumor-driven (lymph)angiogenesis, and atherosclerosis.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: De Meyer Guido
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

• Physiopharmacology (PHYSPHAR)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria, such as Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and Mycobacterium abscessus, cause lung diseases resembling TB, mainly in immune-compromised patients or patients suffering from other lung diseases (e.g. cystic fibrosis). The incidence and prevalence of lung diseases caused by NTM are increasing worldwide. Importantly, in the US and Japan, as well as in other areas of the world where TB has declined, NTM disease is already at least three times more prevalent than TB. Treatment of NTM diseases relies on antibiotic combinations, however the drugs active against NTM are rather few and mainly different than those active against TB. These NTM treatments for the most common species (MAC and M. abscessus) are much less active than the current anti-TB regimen is for TB treatment. It is often necessary to administer antibiotic combinations for at least 12-24 months. The long and complex drug regimen that is currently recommended as a treatment against NTM-caused diseases carries the risk of inducing resistance in NTM. Several studies have already shown the existence and emergence of multidrug resistant NTM. The overall objective of RESPIRI-NTM is to find new drug candidates as potential components of a new, more efficient combination drug regimen against NTM that is less prone to resistance and allows shortening of treatment duration for NTM and multidrug-resistant NTM. Such a drug combination will synergistically target the energy metabolism of NTM or complementary targets. To achieve this, we will advance recently discovered inhibitors of the mycobacterial respiratory pathway. In addition, we will perform a novel, phenotypic screen in order to identify novel targets in NTM. Finally, we will also target host-factors that are essential for the intracellular survival of NTM. Together, we present a comprehensive plan to find novel strategies to combat non-tuberculous mycobacteria, shorten treatment time and reduce chances of drug resistance.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Co-promoter: De Winter Hans
• Co-promoter: Herrebout Wouter
• Co-promoter: Maes Bert
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Despite recent progress in biomedical research, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is still the world's leading infectious disease killer worldwide. Treatment options are limited, and expensive, recommended medicines are not always available in many countries, and patients experience many adverse effects from the drugs. Thus, there is an acute need for the development of a novel combination regimen with an indication for effective, shorter, and safer treatment of all forms of TB. The overall objective of RESPIRI-TB is to find new drug candidates as potential components of a new, more efficient combination drug regimen against TB that is less prone to resistance and allows shortening of treatment duration for TB, and multidrug-resistant TB. Such a drug combination will synergistically target the energy metabolism of Mtb or complementary targets. To achieve this, we will advance recently discovered inhibitors of the Mtb respiratory pathway. In addition, we will target the Mtb specific molecular mechanism that reduces reactive oxygen species in the cell.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Co-promoter: De Winter Hans
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Various proteases play an important role in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Hence, tackling tumors by targeting these TME proteases is a very promising approach in the fight against cancer. FAPIs, highly potent and selective probes based on UAMC1110, an inhibitor developed at the UAntwerp, are currently evaluated in clinical studies. In contrast, the targeting of other highly relevant TME proteases is lagging behind. Granzyme B (GRZB) is the most abundant protease present in the granules of cytotoxic immune cells present in the TME and plays a role in the targeted tumor cell destruction. Despite decades of research, many aspects of GRZB immunobiology remain enigmatic. It is currently unknown which percentage of GRZB is active in the TME. To study whether imaging or measuring active GRZB levels has advantages over visualizing total GRZB, there is a need for selective and high affinity GRZB probes. Given the potential of GRZB in cancer diagnosis and treatment, this postdoc challenge aims to reinvigorate the quest for the generation of highly selective GRZB inhibitors starting from a literature-based lead compound. The postdoc will be challenged to determine the high-resolution structure of this inhibitor – GRZB complex to fuel rational ligand design. The labs participating in this call are involved in the recently funded OncoProTools (Protease-guided tumor targeting tools to revolutionize cancer diagnostics and treatment) HE-MSCA-Doctoral Network (granted upon first submission, UAntwerp as the lead applicant). UAntwerp will host two PhD students (PhD1 and PhD2) from January 2023 onwards. Since this international project will be the start of a new GRZB-research line within the 'Tumor Micro-environment Proteases' theme, support by a postdoc is highly desirable. The project will be supported by docking studies for in silico design of new inhibitors (UAMC, Hans De Winter). We will offer in-house access to granzyme activity assays, recombinant protein production and purification infrastructure, protein-ligand interaction assays and a lab fully equipped for structural biology (LMB, Y. Sterckx). The Postdoc candidate is expected to bring own experimental expertise with protein expression and structural biology into the GRZB theme and he/she will benefit from a dynamic international network of academic and industrial partners in the field of oncology.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: De Meester Ingrid
• Co-promoter: De Winter Hans
• Co-promoter: Elvas Filipe
• Co-promoter: Sterckx Yann
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Fellow: Pimenta Fernandes Andreia

Research team(s)

• Medical Biochemistry

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) is a cytosolic serine protease. The enzyme has lately attracted extensive international research attention, because of its recently discovered role in inflammatory cell death (pyroptosis). Among other things, it has been demonstrated that inhibition or knock-down of DPP9 leads to induction of pyroptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Also in other oncology domains, DPP9 inhibition is currently investigated as a pyroptosis induction mechanism. In this form of programmed cell death, cancer cells are not only killed off, but they also release proteins that cause a strong, local upregulation of the innate immune system. This immunotherapeutic effect is generally seen as highly promising. To date, however, no clinically useful and selective DPP9 inhibitors have been reported. Very recently, however, the applicants discovered a series of low nanomolar small molecule DPP9 inhibitors with unprecedented selectivities toward all enzymes that are related to DPP9. Given the properties of these compounds and their significant valorisation potential, a patent application was submitted during June 2022. This IOF-POC project is expected to generate scientific data that should corroborate further the submitted patent application. In addition, these data should convince industrial partners to take a licence on the submitted patent. Next to new chemical data, this project application covers pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and in vitro phenotypic research toward new inhibitors.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: Caljon Guy
• Co-promoter: De Meester Ingrid

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a serine protease expressed on stromal cells of > 90% of all epithelial cancers, whereas its expression is almost undetectable in normal tissues. In addition, FAP expression is highly restricted and transiently increased in adult tissues during wound healing, inflammation, or fibrosis in activated fibroblasts. The highly focal expression makes FAP a promising diagnostic marker and an attractive therapeutic target, not only in cancer, but also in fibrotic and cardiovascular diseases. UAntwerp has an approved patent for the only highly potent, selective and orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitors of FAP known to date (US9346814 and EP2804859). One of the compounds in this patent (UAMC1110) has received widespread attention as the structural basis for FAP-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers and FAP-targeted radiopharmaceutical therapies, which are currently heavily investigated and in high demand by the pharmaceutical industry. Also, at UAntwerp, research is ongoing that aims at producing UAMC1110 derivatives, with main applications in the in vitro diagnostics field. In addition, in the scope of a former IOF-POC project the applicants of this proposal have collaborated on the discovery of 18F-labeled UAMC1110 derivatives that can be used as PET diagnostics in oncology, fibrosis and related domains, and in cardiovascular disease. Recently, we have developed a small library of 18F-labeled probes that show promising stability, pharmacokinetics and tumour-targeting properties in human glioblastoma cancer xenografts. Based on this preliminary data a patent application has been filed. However, there is still room for improvement by reducing the accumulation of these probes in non-targeted organs, which is especially relevant in the context of radionuclide therapy. Through structural optimization (increasing the polarity of the probes), this POC project aims to expand this library and deliver compounds having high metabolic stability and less or no accumulation in liver and gastrointestinal tract. Following the proof-of-concept, these optimized probes will be included in the patent that will be filed in early June 2022, which should strengthen the industrial development of these probes as PET-diagnostics and theranostics.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Elvas Filipe
• Co-promoter: De Meester Ingrid
• Co-promoter: Stroobants Sigrid
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

• Molecular Imaging and Radiology (MIRA)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Western-style diets are hypercaloric and characterized by high fat and high sugar content. They are responsible for an epidemic of cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis (AS), and metabolic disorders, including Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). The European population is becoming increasingly exposed to these disorders, for which the only available therapeutic option is lifestyle modification. This typically involves dietary changes and physical activity, but patient compliance with these measures tends to be suboptimal. Pharmacological treatment options could therefore have significant potential to improve patient perspectives. With this respect, pharmacological induction of autophagy is intensively studied. Autophagy is the main detoxification and recycling mechanism of cells, and it has been shown to become dysfunctional in AS and NAFLD. Small molecules that can stimulate the process have been demonstrated to treat the diseases in animal models. However, all known autophagy-inducing molecules lack specificity, and this is suspected to cause systemic toxicity during chronic application in humans. In this proposal, we deliver molecules that avoid systemic exposure by targeting them specifically to disease-relevant tissues. First, potent autophagy inducers will be chemically linked to selected 'homing peptides' that we hypothesize to deliver the molecules to dysfunctional vascular endothelial cells in atherosclerosis. Similarly, we hypothesize that triantennary N-acetyl galactosamine (GN3) can guide autophagy inducers to liver cells in the context of NAFLD. All molecules that are prepared in this project will be first studied in cells: both autophagy induction potential and tissue targeting will be evaluated thoroughly. For the best molecule prepared (either endothelial- or liver-targeted), in vivo proof-of-concept will be delivered. In this way, the proposal's potential to deliver new, relevant drugs will be maximally valorized.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: Martinet Wim
• Fellow: Cianni Lorenzo

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Dipeptidyl-peptidase 9 (DPP9) is a post-proline cleaving serine protease. It occurs in the cytosol of many different cell types. Lately, the enzyme captured the attention of immunology and oncology researchers, after it was shown that DPP9 inhibition causes a pro-inflammatory type of cell death (pyroptosis), selectively in myeloid leukemia cells. Pyroptosis is a lytic form of programmed cell death, that has mainly been observed in immune cells. The process typically recruits and activates other immune cells and inflammatory mediators, causing a localized activation of the innate immune system. This is particularly appealing for leukemia treatment, because the immune-response to leukemic cells is typically severely subdued. As an illustration, highly promising results of DPP9 inhibition were shown in animal models of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Furthermore, pyroptosis capability has been demonstrated recently in many other cancer cell types, offering opportunities to also study DPP9-mediated pyroptosis in other domains of oncology. Recent mechanistic insight on the enzyme's role in pyroptosis suggests that native DPP9 suppresses pyroptosis through a stabilizing protein-protein interaction (PPI) with the NLRP1 inflammasome sensor. Conversely, inhibition of DPP9 by small molecules was shown to disrupt the [DPP9-NLRP1] complex, setting off NLRP1 activation. This leads to caspase-1 activation, cytokine maturation and pyroptosis. Of note, this finding supports the main hypothesis of this proposal, namely: targeted clearance of DPP9 from the cytoplasm causes pyroptosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia cells through enhanced NLRP1 activation. Furthermore, DPP9 clearance could be particularly efficient at pyroptosis induction compared to DPP9 inhibition: the latter only has a mildly destabilizing effect on the [DPP9-NLRP1] PPI according to current insights.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Fellow: Florindo Espadinha Margarida

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Autophagy is a normal physiological process that removes unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular components from the cytoplasm. Defective autophagy is currently emerging as a hallmark feature of many diseases. In this framework, basic research and drug development have a strong need for reliable, druglike autophagy inducers. In response, we recently carried out a phenotypic highthroughput screen on ~11.000 compounds that were preselected based on druglikeness parameters. In total, 36 potent autophagy inducers were identified. They belong to 10 distinct chemical families that previously have not been associated with autophagy induction. After thorough validation, potency and gross mode-of-action studies, 2 chemical families have been prioritized for further investigation. The proposal comprises the thorough investigation of the most promising family. Structure-Activity Relationships will be constructed and the pharmacophore identified. In addition, chemical optimization will be pursued to obtain analogues with further improved potency and a maximally favorable physico-chemical profile. All novel compounds will be thoroughly investigated in cells and the best performing molecule will be evaluated in an in vivo model of atherosclerosis. Finally, biochemical target identification will be approached via an ensemble of affinity-chromatography, phosphoproteomics and a kinase activity assay.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Co-promoter: Martinet Wim
• Fellow: Bozdag Murat

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a serine type protease that is expressed on stromal cells of > 90% of all epithelial cancer types, and also in pathological lesions associated with other diseases characterized by tissue remodeling. It is virtually absent in healthy adult tissues. FAP is being studied both as a therapeutic target and a biomarker/diagnostics target: not only in oncology, but also in, e.g., different fibrosis types and cardiovascular disease. UAntwerp has an approved patent for the only highly potent, selective and orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitors of FAP known to date (US9346814 and EP2804859). One of the compounds in this patent (UAMC1110) receives widespread attention as a potential therapeutic and as the structural basis for diagnostic probes. Also at UAntwerp, research is ongoing that aims at producing UAMC1110 derivatives, with main applications in the diagnostics field. A VLAIO-funded O&O project was recently initiated with HistoGeneX, under which fluorescent and colorigenic UAMC1110 derivatives are used to characterize oncology biopsy samples. The applicants of this project now want to apply their expertise in the domain of FAP ligand design for the discovery of new, FAP-targeting PET probes that can be used in diagnostics.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: De Meester Ingrid
• Co-promoter: Elvas Filipe
• Co-promoter: Stroobants Sigrid

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

We request funding for two basic infrastructure equipment to measure cell death along any other biochemical parameter that is crucial to determine the mode of cell death such as caspase activation, reactive oxygen species, calcium, mitochondrial membrane potential, lysosomal leakage and lipid peroxidation: 1) FLUOstar® Omega plate reader with atmospheric control unit and 2) BD Accuri C6 Plus personal flow cytometer. These two instruments are perfectly complementary, while the Fluostar provides average values measured on cell populations seeded in any plate up to 384-well plates, the Accuri analyzes at the single cell level allowing to detect heterogenous responses. If the transition from Pathophysiology lab (headed by Patrick D'Haese until 2020) to Cell Death and Inflammation research lab (headed by Tom Vanden Berghe from 2020 onwards) is to proceed smoothly, the investment in this basic but crucial equipment to analyze cell death and related biochemical features is highly needed. Investment in the cell death platform at UAntwerp will boost the recently initiated collaborations in the field of cell death research at UAntwerp. Cell death research is highly present but scattered within the Faculties of FBD and GGW, therefore we initiated monthly sessions of the Cell Death Hot Talks (supported by the OEC Infla-Med). These sessions will (i) increase the exchange on ongoing cell death research, (ii) lead to sharing tools and (iii) boost potential collaborations. Along this line of sharing cell death related expertise and tools, there is a high need to setup a platform to measure and type the mode of cell death within the faculties of FBD and GGW. This investment fits well in the long-term strategic plan in which cell death is one of the four research clusters within the Department of Biomedical Sciences. Moreover, the cell death platform could be instrumental as a steppingstone to make cell death an Emerging Frontline Research Domain.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Vanden Berghe Tom
• Co-promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Co-promoter: D'Haese Patrick
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Despite recent scientific and technological advances, vascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Europe. Autophagy, a subcellular process for bulk destruction of proteins and organelles in lysosomes, is an essential in vivo process mediating proper vascular function. Because impaired or defective autophagy underlies major phenotypic signatures of vascular disease, there is an urgent need for pharmacological interventions with compounds that stimulate autophagy in the vasculature. In order to fulfill this need, a PhD student (affiliated to the Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences) will be recruited to constitute a reliable platform for hit-to-lead optimization of autophagy-inducing drugs and to characterize their mode of action. Moreover, a postdoctoral researcher (affiliated to the Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences) will be hired to initiate the evaluation of autophagy induction in mouse models of vascular disease such as arterial stiffening and atherosclerosis.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Martinet Wim
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

• Physiopharmacology (PHYSPHAR)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP-alpha) is a proline selective serine peptidase. Typically, FAP expression is low to undetectable in most healthy adult tissues. However, FAP is highly upregulated in lesions associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), hepatic fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), atherosclerosis and in stromal tissue of a multitude of tumour types, including nearly all epithelial carcinomas. Furthermore, FAP enzymatic activity and/or its expression levels have been reported to be correlated with patient outcome, disease severity and/or susceptibility to treatment in some of the aforementioned pathologies. With this respect, FAP is currently envisaged as a prime disease biomarker Interestingly, most of these reports have so far focused on quantification of FAP expression, generally relying on classical immunochemical techniques (e.g., ELISA). A number of FAP-specific antibodies are available to support such studies, although some of the commercial antibodies have been reported to lack specificity. Alternatively and/or complementary to measuring the enzyme's expression levels, we are investigating whether FAP's enzymatic activity status could be a better biomarker of disease. For experimental validation and to respond to fundamental questions regarding the biological regulation of FAP's activity status in vivo, activity-based biomarker probes are however required. This project focuses on the design, synthesis and evaluation of such innovative molecules. Several types of molecules are being prepared, including fluorescent and fluorogenic derivatives, but also radioactively labeled biomarker probes. Collaborations with the Medical Biochemistry group (Prof. Ingrid De Meester, Prof. Anne-Marie Lambeir) and the Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA, Prof. Steven Staelens), support this project.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Fellow: Jallapally Anvesh

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Immunotherapy shows great potential in the treatment of cancer. Unfortunately, primary resistance is frequently occurring, hence the urgent need for biomarkers. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP), an enzyme that is selectively expressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts in 90% of all human epithelial tumors, may become a promising predictive biomarker for immunotherapy resistance. However, to date, there are no validated, specific tools to determine FAP expression and/or activity within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Therefore, the first goal of this project, is the development of specific tools and accurate methods to detect FAP within the TME. We will develop 2 fluorescent FAP-assays, one based on a fluorescently labelled inhibitor and the other on a fluorescently labelled anti-FAP antibody. The third assay is based on a FAP-specific substrate for histochemistry that allows in situ amplification of the signal. Secondly, early detection of metastasis remains a major hurdle in diagnosis and there is an urgent need to explore new biomarkers of early metastasis. Recently, it is suggested that circulating FAP +cCAFs within the blood of metastatic patients could be interesting for that purpose. Nonetheless, no specific, accurate tools and techniques are available for identification and enrichment of FAP +cCAFs. Consequently, the second goal of this project is to develop new tools and methods to identify and enrich FAP+cCAFs in the peripheral blood of metastatic cancer patients

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: De Meester Ingrid
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Fellow: Van Rymenant Yentl

Research team(s)

• Medical Biochemistry

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Immunotherapy is revolutionizing the clinical management of multiple cancer types including DNA mismatch repair-deficient tumors (Galluzi et al., 2018). However, even in this preselected group of patients, good and complete response are achieved in only one fifth of the patients (Le et al., 2016; Le et al., 2017). Thus, there are still enormous opportunities for improvement. The presence of an immunosuppressive tumor environment may be key to further optimization of immunotherapy (Jiang et al., 2016). Extracellular matrix accumulation and rigidity, and neo-expression of matrix proteins may be involved in T cell exclusion from the proximity of cancer cells or impaired T cell functionality. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) create an imbalanced biomechanical force in the tumor by the deposition of extracellular matrix, and by their contractility and proteolytic activity. CAF are abundant in mismatch repair-deficient tumors and their presence is associated with poor disease outcome (Kalluri 2016). Clinical targeting of CAF has been challenging due to its heterogeneous nature. We propose to target CAF making use of commonly expressed fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) or protease activity by fibroblast-activation protein (FAP). The advantage of FGFR/PDGFR inhibitors and FAP inhibitors is their complementary targeting of CAF biology either growth/differentiation vs proteolysis. Thus, we will evaluate whether impeding immune cell infiltration/functionality by CAF could explain non-responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with DNA mismatch repair-deficient tumors. To test this hypothesis we will make use of three work packages: Workpackage 1: Human DNA mismatch repair-deficient tumors will be analyzed for the spatial localization and organization of collagen fibers, CAF and T-cells and data will be correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Workpackage 2: Patient-derived CAF will be treated with FGFR/PDGFR inhibitors or FAP inhibitors and outcomes such as (neo)matrix deposition, collagen rearrangement, and contractility will be evaluated and the consequent functional impact on T-cell chemotaxis, proliferation and differentiation will be tested. Workpackage 3: Syngeneic mouse tumor models will be used to evaluate if CAF targeting may improve efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (such as anti-PD-1). We anticipate that CAF targeting combined with immunotherapy will synergistically induce and sustain the anti-tumor immune response, resulting in durable tumor regression in a larger population. Encouraging data in the preclinical study will enable fast translation into a clinical phase I/II trial.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

(This research project aims to acquire dedicated knowledge on the protein 'Fibroblast activation protein alpha', further called 'FAP', in the context of personalized immune therapy. We will investigate whether FAP can be a biomarker for resistance to immunotherapy in urothelial carcinomas. In addition, we explore the presence of FAP in urine (as a non-invasive biological biomatrix) to monitor or predict the response to therapy for urothelial carcinomas.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: De Meester Ingrid
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

• Medical Biochemistry

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Apoptosis or programmed cell death plays a major role not only in the pathogenesis but also in the treatment of cancer. In recent years, a variety of novel cell death inducing molecular cancer therapies have entered the clinic. Although many demonstrated their potential as effective treatment options in several types of cancer, costs to patients and the healthcare system are often staggering. Moreover, most anti-cancer treatments are linked to toxicity to healthy tissues. Early objective and accurate evaluation of tumor response to therapy is therefore of great importance. Tumor response assessment based upon the molecular effects of therapies, such as cell death induction, is a promising strategy for early prediction of therapy outcome. The availability of a radiotracer for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of cell death could offer clinicians a tool to early after onset of treatment predict individualized responses in patients, and aid in personalized and cost-reducing patient care. Activation of caspase-3 and exposure of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) represent key biomarkers for apoptosis. Currently no caspase-3 selective nor PE targeting PET radiotracers are available. This project therefore aims at developing novel caspase-3 selective and PE targeting radiotracers for PET imaging of cell death. Both cell death targeting strategies will be compared for early in vivo evaluation of response to therapy (immunotherapy and multi-kinase inhibitor treatment in preclinical models of colorectal cancer).

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Stroobants Sigrid
• Promoter: Wyffels Leonie
• Co-promoter: Elvas Filipe
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Fellow: Beroske Lucas

Research team(s)

• Molecular Imaging and Radiology (MIRA)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Caspases are intracellular, aspartate selective cysteine proteases. Given their central role in cell death and inflammation, caspases have been studied intensively as drug targets to date. In spite of impressive preclinical results and significant investment in clinical evaluation, no caspase inhibitors have so far been approved as drugs by FDA or EMA. Two important reasons therefore are commonly cited: (1) The large structural homology of caspases that complicates the identification of selective compounds. (2) The limited biopharmaceutical quality of most compounds. Many contain an irreversible covalent warhead function that can potentially induce off-target effects. Most inhibitor families also contain a free carboxylate. Both the ionic character of this group and its potential for toxic metabolite formation, most probably discount critically on the permeability and ADME-Tox properties of inhibitors. Preliminary work at UAMC has identified the oxadiazolone moiety as a useful isosteric replacement for carboxylates in caspase inhibitors. Research in this proposal will validate this finding by introducing an oxadiazolone group in several relevant classes of caspase inhibitors. In addition, synthetic methodology based on the Strecker reaction will be elaborated. The latter will allow efficient access to caspase inhibitors with less reactive warhead types. Finally, drug discovery methodology will be developed that should allow "on-target" synthesis using caspase 1 as a model.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Co-promoter: De Winter Hans
• Fellow: Peeraer Anke

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Physical and functional interactions between biomolecules play pivotal roles in all aspects of human health and disease. Gaining a greater understanding of these biomolecular interactions will further expand our understanding of diseases such as cancer, metabolic diseases and neurodegeneration. At UAntwerp, 7 research groups have joined forces to obtain the absolutely necessary equipment to measure these interactions with a Biomolecular Interactions Platform (BIP). This will allow to detect interactions and precisely determine binding affinities between any kind of molecule, from ions and small molecules to high-molecular weight and multi-protein complexes. The BIP will also allow to identify collateral off- targets, crucial in the drug discovery field. Access to a BIP will strongly support ongoing research projects and bring research within the BIP-consortium to a higher level. Since biomolecular interactions are highly influenced by the methodology, it is recommended to measure the interaction by several, independent techniques and continue with the most appropriate one. For this reason, the consortium aims at installing a BIP, consisting of several complementary instruments that each measure biomolecular interactions based on different physical principles. They wish to expand the existing Isothermal Titration Calorimetry with two complementary state-of-the- art techniques: MicroScale Thermophoresis and Grating- Coupled waveguide Interferometry.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: De Meester Ingrid
• Co-promoter: Delputte Peter
• Co-promoter: De Wael Karolien
• Co-promoter: Dewilde Sylvia
• Co-promoter: De Winter Hans
• Co-promoter: Kooy Frank
• Co-promoter: Lambeir Anne-Marie
• Co-promoter: Maudsley Stuart
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: Van Ostade Xaveer

Research team(s)

• Medical Biochemistry

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Prolyl oligopeptidase (PREP) and dipeptidyl-peptidase 9 (DPP9) are two related serine proteases. PREP is mainly expressed in the central nervous system. This proposal will focus on the possibility to inhibit aggregation of alpha-synuclein (alphaSYN) using active-site directed inhibitors of PREP. alphaSYN plays a key role in the pathophysiologies of Parkinson's and related diseases, where aggregates of alphaSYN precipitate as neurotoxic Lewy-bodies. There are currently no PREPinhibitors that are optimized to block alphaSYN aggregation and that have a biological profile that allows drug development. The proposal will therefore deliver optimized PREP inhibitors. In addition, a PREP-targeting imaging probe will be delivered to image (alphaSYN) in the brain. DPP9 has a wider expression in the human body than PREP, and is also present in the human brain. DPP9 is strongly linked to inflammatory processes, also in the context of neuro-inflammation. The latter is present in nearly all neurodegenerative diseases, including in synucleinopathies and Alzheimer's disease. It is also an early marker of disease that is present before symptoms appear. Of note, there are currently no selective DPP9 inhibitors available. Availability of the latter is essential to obtain preclinical validation of DPP9 inhibitors as novel agents that target neurodegeneration. In addition, the project aims to deliver a DPP9-selective probe for use in neurodegenerative disease imaging.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Co-promoter: De Winter Hans
• Fellow: Benramdane Siham

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Three UAntwerp research groups (Medicinal Chemistry, Physiopharmacology, MIPRO) recently joined forces for the discovery and study of autophagy modulators as potential oncology therapeutics. Hitherto, this approach has resulted in a joint patent application and several manuscripts that have either been published or are under preparation. Most attention to date has gone to investigation of UAMC-2526, an Atg4B-targeting autophagy inhibitor that was discovered by the project team. This compound has potent in vivo autophagy blocking properties and significant anti-tumoral potential in an in vivo xenograft mouse model of colorectal cancer. To ensure economical valorization interest for UAMC-2526 and the UAntwerp-patented family of compounds to which it belongs, more basic research is required. The balanced package of medicinal chemistry, in vitro pharmacology and in vivo oncology that is presented here, should provide detailed insight in the potential of UAMC-2526 and its analogues as a potential therapeutic agent. In addition, biopharmaceutically optimized follow-up candidates for UAMC-2526 will be delivered. At the same time, this effort will increase the compounds' attractiveness to external economic valorization partners. Finally, this project will also create critical mass for a preclinical research platform on autophagy research at UAntwerp. This platform will unite chemical and biological capabilities in autophagy research that will be highly instrumental to support research programs, but will also be offered to private partners that require expertise in the domain.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: Martinet Wim
• Co-promoter: Peeters Marc
• Co-promoter: Stroobants Sigrid

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Inadequate perfusion, oxygen limitation and cell metabolic changes, are key factors contributing to the formation of an acidic microenvironment in tumors.1 Two pivotal adaptations of tumor cells, related to maintaining intracellular pH and homeostasis in an acidic environment, have recently received significant attention: (1) the presence of chronic autophagy and (2) the overexpression of carbonic anhydrases (CAs), mainly CA IX and CA XII. Aiming to counter these essential tumor survival processes, the proposal deals with discovering and thoroughly evaluating novel autophagy inhibitors and and dual [autophagy-CA] inhibitors. The following three Work Packages will be elaborated during the course of the project: 1) Biopharmaceutical optimization of the host's Atg4B-inhibitor set. 2) Design and synthesis of dual [Atg4B-CA] inhibitors. 3) Biological characterization of Atg4B- and hybrid [Atg4B-CA] inhibitors in acidic cancer cell cultures and in an animal model of colorectal cancer.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: De Meester Ingrid
• Co-promoter: De Winter Hans
• Co-promoter: Lambeir Anne-Marie
• Fellow: Vrijdag Johannes

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The microenvironment of most solid tumors tends to be significantly more acidic than healthy tissue. Inadequate perfusion, oxygen limitation and cell metabolic changes, are key causative factors for this situation. The acidic pH induces a number of specific genetic, transcriptional and metabolic effects in tumor cells. These are required for survival under increased H+- stress. Evidence is now mounting that these effects also play a major role in tumor progression, invasiveness and the development of multi-resistance to therapy. Two pivotal adaptations related to maintaining intracellular pH homeostasis in an acidic environment, have recently received significant attention: (1) the presence of chronic autophagy in tumors and (2) the overexpression of carbonic anhydrases (CAs), mainly CA IX and CA XII. This project will biopharmaceutically optimize a novel class of specific autophagy inhibitors that target Atg4B. The specific goal of this part of the project is to obtain orally bioavailable and metabolically stable compounds that are fit for in vivo applications. The relevance of these compounds is clear, given the unmet demand for reliable, specific inhibitors in the domain of autophagy. At the same time, the project will evaluate the potential for therapy development of the compounds in the framework of cancer. Finally, the proposal will explore whether a further increase of anti-tumor efficiency can be obtained by combining Atg4B- and CA-inhibitor pharmacophores in a single compound.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: Martinet Wim
• Co-promoter: Peeters Marc
• Fellow: Tanc Muhammet

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Common to all contemporary drug discovery strategies is that they revolve around iterative cycles of design, synthesis and potency evaluation, each time producing further optimized compounds. This is generally a very time- and cost-consuming process that could be significantly shortened by implementing so-called "on-target" strategies. The latter rely on direct assistance of the drug target, which serves as a physical template that selects useful drug fragments and assembles them into finalized ligands. In this way, synthesis and potency determination, along with aspects of molecular design, are merged into a single, time-efficient experimental step. This project aims to (1) expand the limited range of chemistry types that are currently known to be amenable to on-target approaches, (2) focusing on reactions that deliver "druglike" molecules. (3) In addition, computational models offering insight at the molecular level in on-target reactions will be developed to rationalize and refine the experimental approaches. As the model target for this project has been selected urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), a daunting but highly promising drug target. The potential to deliver novel druglike, low nanomolar inhibitors of uPA will be used to assess the value of the on-target approaches. Given the status of uPA as a validated drug target, novel inhibitors of this enzyme have significant value for drug discovery.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Co-promoter: De Winter Hans
• Fellow: Gladysz Rafaela

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Caspases are intracellular, aspartate selective cysteine proteases. Given their central role in cell death and inflammation, caspases have been studied intensively as drug targets to date. In spite of impressive preclinical results and significant investment in clinical evaluation, no caspase inhibitors have so far been approved as drugs by FDA or EMA. Two important reasons therefore are commonly cited: (1) The large structural homology of caspases that complicates the identification of selective compounds. (2) The limited biopharmaceutical quality of most compounds. Many contain an irreversible covalent warhead function that can potentially induce off-target effects. Most inhibitor families also contain a free carboxylate. Both the ionic character of this group and its potential for toxic metabolite formation, most probably discount critically on the permeability and ADME-Tox properties of inhibitors. Preliminary work at UAMC has identified the oxadiazolone moiety as a useful isosteric replacement for carboxylates in caspase inhibitors. Research in this proposal will validate this finding by introducing an oxadiazolone group in several relevant classes of caspase inhibitors. In addition, synthetic methodology based on the Strecker reaction will be elaborated. The latter will allow efficient access to caspase inhibitors with less reactive warhead types. Finally, drug discovery methodology will be developed that should allow "on-target" synthesis using caspase 1 as a model.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Co-promoter: De Winter Hans
• Fellow: Peeraer Anke

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The main objective of this research proposal is the discovery of novel chemical tool compounds to investigate the phenotype of necroptosis and ferroptosis at a molecular level in more detail. The use of such tool compounds will result in a better understanding of the different pathways of regulated necrosis, and will also demonstrate where therapeutic targeting is possible, ultimately leading to target identification and validation for novel and innovative treatment opportunities in diseases linked with inflammation and necrotic cell death.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Co-promoter: De Winter Hans
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Fellow: Devisscher Lars

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

1) Current status in drug discovery methodology There are four commonly used approaches for the generation of "hits" and "leads" in contemporary drug discovery: (1) Structure-Activity-Relationship (SAR) research on high throughput screening (HTS) data, (2) transformation of endogenous ligands into druglike compounds, (3) in silico drug design and (4) fragment-based design. Due to the absence of a single eminent strategy, drug discovery projects often try implementing tailored aspects of several of these approaches simultaneously. Common to all these approaches is that lead molecules are produced from iterative cycles of design, synthesis and potency evaluation, each time producing further optimized compounds. This is generally a very time- and cost-consuming process that could be significantly shortened by implementing "on-target" strategies. The latter rely on direct assistance of the drug target, which serves as a physical template that selects useful drug fragments and assembles them into finalized ligands. In this way, synthesis and potency determination, along with aspects of molecular design, are merged into a single, time-efficient experimental step. Limited but convincing proof for the "on-target" drug design concept is present in literature and has relied on "click chemistry", reductive amination, hydrazone formation and disulfide exchange.1 In order to increase the practical value of on-target approaches for drug discovery, three factors are in our opinion required: (1) expansion of the range of (bio-orthogonal) chemistry types amenable to on-target approaches and, related to the former, (2) improvement of the "druglikeness" of the compound types that can be produced. (3) In addition, models offering insight into the fundamental kinetic and thermodynamic drivers of "on-target" reactions are, apart from one example, virtually absent from the scientific literature.2 2) Current status in drug discovery for urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and caspase 1. uPA and caspase 1 have been selected as the model targets for this work. Longstanding expertise in inhibitor discovery and biochemical screening exists for these targets at UAMC. In addition, both are generally considered as "daunting targets" for which drug discovery has proven challenging. uPA is a trypsin-like serine protease that is overexpressed in metastasizing solid tumors. The enzyme is a valuable oncology target but clinical development of its inhibitors has been problematic. This is most probably related to the doubtful biopharmaceutical quality of developed compounds and their insufficient selectivity with respect to other, phylogenetically related trypsin-like proteases.3 Likewise, selectivity issues have also been a constant concern with caspase 1 inhibitors. Caspase 1, also known as interleukin 1 converting enzyme (ICE) is a cysteine protease and a so-called "inflammatory caspase". Given its involvement in inflammasome formation, pyroptosis and necrosis, ICE is a validated drug target for a range of disorders characterized by inflammation and tissue remodeling. 4 B) Project Objectives 1) Developing reliable on-target versions of reaction types with high value for drug discovery. 2) Developing computational approaches to model and rationalize on-target reactions and their outcome. 3) Validating the technology by producing druglike inhibitors for uPA and caspase 1.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: De Winter Hans

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This DOCPRO1-project is intended to supplement the three year fellowship of Maciej Rogacki, a Marie Curie PhD fellow in the ITN-EID project "OpenMedChem". "OpenMedChem" is an open innovation collaboration between the laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry at UA and the R&D-site of Glaxo-Smith-Kline in Tres Cantos (Spain). OpenMedChem focuses on discovery of novel anti-tuberculosis (TB) drug candidates. Despite the existence of treatments for TB, the threat it represents is still a painful reality for the nearly nine million people infected, and the one and a half million that die, each year. The disease also represents an escalating threat for global health, with the increasing prevalence of Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) TB strains that are resistant to at least the two main first-line TB drugs - isoniazid and rifampicin - and Extremely Drug Resistant (XDR) TB strains that are also resistant to three or more of the six classes of second-line drugs. In an unprecedented move in line with the Open Innovation paradigm, GSK has shared with the University of Antwerp, its anti-mycobacterial High-Throughput-Screening data of over 2 million druglike compounds. Initial research in this project consisted of a bioinformatics compound clustering into families with promising antitubercular properties. The most interesting families were subsequently investigated further in depth. Maciej Rogacki first investigated chemical space around a class of (pyridin-2-yl)azahetarylamines. Scaffold hopping and decoration resulted in novel compounds with nanomolar antimycobacterial potency (MIC). Nonetheless, toxicity issues were decisive to leave this class of molecules. As an alternative, Maciej is currently working on a class of hydantoin antitubercular compounds that have been identified by GSK as inhibitors of decaprenyl-phosphoryl-d-ribose oxidase (DprE1), a validated mycobacterial drug target. Research during the running time of the DOCPRO1-project would aim at continuing the in-depth structural exploration of this class of hydantoins. New Scaffold Hopping strategies will also be investigated to evaluate how the central hydantoin building block in these compounds can be replaced.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Fellow: Rogacki Maciej

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project website

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a research contract awarded by the University of Antwerp. The supervisor provides the Antwerp University research mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions stipulated by the university.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Co-promoter: Apers Sandra
• Co-promoter: Cos Paul
• Co-promoter: Delputte Peter
• Co-promoter: De Meester Ingrid
• Co-promoter: De Winter Hans
• Co-promoter: D'Haese Patrick
• Co-promoter: Hermans Nina
• Co-promoter: Kiekens Filip
• Co-promoter: Lambeir Anne-Marie
• Co-promoter: Maes Louis
• Co-promoter: Pieters Luc
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Fellow: Joossens Jurgen
• Fellow: Pauwels Maxim
• Fellow: Verhoeven Kristien

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project brings together considerable expertise from academic and industry partners in the biology of the extracellular matrix (ECM) with experts in epilepsy research. This, therefore, represents a truly collaborative effort to determine not only the role of the ECM in the development of epilepsy but also novel approaches to treat and to prevent epilepsy.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Dedeurwaerdere Stefanie
• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)
• Translational Neurosciences (TNW)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a research agreement between the UA and on the onther hand IWT. UA provides IWT research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Fellow: De Decker An

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

In this project we aim (1) to characterize at the molecular level the role of PREP in hallmark processes of neurodegenerative disease: neuronal death, synapse loss and neuroinflammation; and (2) to investigate whether PREP-inhibitors can be used to modulate these processes.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Lambeir Anne-Marie
• Co-promoter: Dedeurwaerdere Stefanie
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

• Medical Biochemistry

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The main objective of this research proposal is the discovery of novel chemical tool compounds to investigate the phenotype of necroptosis and ferroptosis at a molecular level in more detail. The use of such tool compounds will result in a better understanding of the different pathways of regulated necrosis, and will also demonstrate where therapeutic targeting is possible, ultimately leading to target identification and validation for novel and innovative treatment opportunities in diseases linked with inflammation and necrotic cell death.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Co-promoter: De Winter Hans
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Fellow: Devisscher Lars

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand the Hercules Foundation. UA provides the Hercules Foundation research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Maes Bert
• Co-promoter: Abbaspour Tehrani Kourosch
• Co-promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Co-promoter: Herrebout Wouter
• Co-promoter: Pieters Luc
• Co-promoter: Tavernier Serge
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

• Organic synthesis (ORSY)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Ocular Surface diseases (OSD) such as dry eye syndrome (DES) show an estimated prevalence between 15 and 29%. The only FDA approved and on subscription dry-eye treatment is cyclosporine 0.05% (Restasis®), but this formulation is not available in the EU. Novel therapies for OSD are therefore needed. The expertise within ADDN fosters a unique opportunity to set up a preclinical platform on OSD leading to an increased collaboration with industrial partners.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Cos Paul
• Co-promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Co-promoter: De Meester Ingrid
• Co-promoter: Joossens Jurgen
• Co-promoter: Kiekens Filip
• Co-promoter: Lambeir Anne-Marie
• Co-promoter: Maes Louis
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

• Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The main objective of this research proposal is the development of a methodology for PET and SPECT imaging of the enzymatic activity of serine and cysteine proteases using a pretargeting approach with specific activity-based probes and bioorthogonal ligation with radiolabels.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Co-promoter: Stroobants Sigrid
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: Wyffels Leonie

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Proteases are important drug targets and show increasing application as biomarkers for several diseases. Non-invasive imaging of their proteolytic activity status in vivo offers tremendous potential. We will develop activity-based imaging probes targeting proteases with relevance in oncology and inflammation. These probes will be used in a two-step approach in which the pretargeting step is followed by bioorthogonal ligation with a PET label.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Co-promoter: Staelens Steven
• Co-promoter: Stroobants Sigrid
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

In this context, neglected diseases research and development is opening important new avenues of collaboration between academia and industry. The scientific focus of this EID project will be on the design and synthesis of novel antituberculosis drugs. The fellows will have unique access to corporate HTS screening hits while being exposed to both industrial and academic med chem strategies and philosophies. These chemical efforts will be supported by the application of advanced new secondary biological assays for compound evaluation. For example, the fellows will be exposed to cutting edge microfluidics techniques to allow for in depth study of the activities of the new compounds and to provide a platform for investigating the gross modes of action of both novel and known antituberculars.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: Augustyns Koen

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This proposal aims at developing an innovative, robust and time/cost-effective methodology with general applicability in the field of protease inhibitor research. As such, it projects the production of target compounds with a non-peptidic architecture consisting of a central, rigid scaffold decorated with substituents that are accomodated in the S- and/or S'-pockets of a target protease. The proposal's approach differs fundamentally from existing methodologies in its systematic investigation and implementation of target-assisted selection and assembly strategies. The validity of the basic inceptions underlying the approach will be assessed by applying it for the production of druglike inhibitors for the cysteine protease caspase 4. Caspase 4 is a so-called inflammatory caspase. This group of enzymes is currently the subject of intense research that tries to map their functions and its involvement in a whole series of pathologies. To date, no inhibitors that are selective for this enzyme with respect to the other caspases, have been described. Evidently however the availability of such compounds would be highly desirable, both for applications as a research tool or as potential therapeutics.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Fellow: Adriaenssens Yves

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand a private institution. UA provides the private institution research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The inflammatory caspases (i.e. mouse caspase-1, -11 and -12, and c human caspase-1, 4-, and -5) modulate inflammatory and host defense responses through the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the induction of pyroptosis, a pro-inflammatory cell death mode that removes infected immune cells and prevents proliferation of microbial pathogens. However, undesired activation of inflammatory caspases is associated with auto-inflammatory disorders in humans. Thus, the availability of specific inhibitors would offer tremendous opportunities for studying the signaling pathways of inflammatory caspases, and for therapeutic intervention. However, the development of inhibitors that can discriminate between different inflammatory caspases is still a major challenge. Here, we propose two complementary approaches to resolve this issue. In a first approach, optimized peptide-based inhibitors of the inflammatory mouse caspases-1, -11 and -12 will be developed based on their protein substrate repertoires identified by positional proteomics. As a second approach, a targeted chemical library based on selected heterocyclic scaffolds will be developed for the identification of non-peptide small molecule inhibitors of the aforementioned caspases. The potency, selectivity and stability of these peptide- and non-peptide inhibitors will be characterized in biochemical assays and in mouse models of inflammatory and infectious diseases.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a research agreement between the UA and on the onther hand IWT. UA provides IWT research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project website

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project aims at developing an innovative, robust and time/cost-effective methodology with general applicability in the field of protease inhibitor research. As such, it projects the production of target compounds with a non-peptidic architecture consisting of a central, rigid scaffold decorated with substituents that are accomodated in the S- and/or S'-pockets of a target protease. The project's approach differs fundamentally from existing methodologies in its systematic investigation and implementation of target-assisted selection and assembly strategies.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Fellow: Gladysz Rafaela

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Metacaspasen (MCAs) are a new family of cystein proteases found in parasitic protozoa and whom form a valuable new drug target in drug research and development. These proteases are possibly involved in cell death, considered vital for the survival of the parasite and are fundamentally different from the orthologous humane caspases. The objective of this doctorates thesis is the development of powerful and selective inhibitors of the MCA2 of Trypanosoma brucei, with high activity in vitro and low cytotoxicity.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Fellow: Breugelmans Matthias

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This 'proof-of-concept' research is focussed on the development of innovative long-lasting and selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists for the topical treatment of skin inflammation diseases such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Co-promoter: Joossens Jurgen
• Co-promoter: Lambert Julien
• Co-promoter: Maes Louis
• Co-promoter: Sobott Frank
• Co-promoter: Vanden Berghe Wim
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This proposal aims at developing inhibitors of cysteine protease Atg4B, a prime regulator of autophagy, as innovative tools for selective autophagy blocking. Additionally, inhibitor-derived probe molecules will be prepared, enabling further study of Atg4B's role in cellular physiology and in the initiation and propagation of autophagic processes.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Co-promoter: De Meyer Guido
• Co-promoter: Martinet Wim

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The major objectives of the project are to unravel the role of terpenylic acid and related compounds. We hypothesize that these compounds are key monomers of the clusters formed in the early stages of new particle formation, as well as of polar and higher-molecular weight (MW) products formed upon chemical aging, owing to the reactivity of the lactone group.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Claeys-Maenhaut Magda
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project aims at developing an innovative, robust and time/cost-effective methodology with general applicability in the field of protease inhibitor research. As such, it projects the production of target compounds with a non-peptidic architecture consisting of a central, rigid scaffold decorated with substituents that are accomodated in the S- and/or S'-pockets of a target protease. The project's approach differs fundamentally from existing methodologies in its systematic investigation and implementation of target-assisted selection and assembly strategies.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Fellow: Gladysz Rafaela

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a research contract awarded by the University of Antwerp. The supervisor provides the Antwerp University research mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions stipulated by the university.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Fellow: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a research agreement between the UA and on the onther hand IWT. UA provides IWT research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Co-promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Fellow: Heirbaut Leen

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The following 3 goals were put forward at the start of my PhD research. - Development of reversible uPA inhibitors with a similar or increased activity and selectivity compared with irreversible diarylphosphonates - Optimizing the already synthesised diarylphosphonates - Are the uPA inhibitors also useful in other disease models?

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Fellow: Messagie Jonas

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The main objective of this project is to develop combinations of highly active specifically-targeted microbicides for vaginal and rectal application. We shall investigate the microbicide potential of protease inhibitors and to test them in combination with inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and/or integrase and/or fusion inhibitors.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Co-promoter: Joossens Jurgen
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

In this research project we aim to develop protease inhibitors that have the characteristics to become useful chemical tools in different areas of drug discovery. These tools will have the potential to be used in target discovery and target validation, hit and lead identification, for the identification of off-targets, as biomarkers and in molecular imaging.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Co-promoter: Joossens Jurgen
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This is a fundamental research project financed by the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO). The project was subsidized after selection by the FWO-expert panel.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Maes Bert
• Co-promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Co-promoter: Herrebout Wouter
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

• Organic synthesis (ORSY)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Metacaspasen (MCAs) are a new family of cystein proteases found in parasitic protozoa and whom form a valuable new drug target in drug research and development. These proteases are possibly involved in cell death, considered vital for the survival of the parasite and are fundamentally different from the orthologous humane caspases. The objective of this doctorates thesis is the development of powerful and selective inhibitors of the MCA2 of Trypanosoma brucei, with high activity in vitro and low cytotoxicity.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter
• Fellow: Breugelmans Matthias

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Several projects in the Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry rely on click chemistry (1) as an essential aspect of bio-orthogonal derivatisation of proteins under physiological conditions or (2) as an efficient tool for the construction of innovative biologically active compounds. The candidate will apply his expertise in this domain to support and develop these ongoing projects. Additionally, novel approaches to overcome current boundaries in the domain of click chemistry will be investigated.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The goal of this project is to gain insight in the role and applicability of protease (DPP4) inhibitors in bacterial infections. The proof-of-concept will be obtained in Porphyromonas gingivalis models with the following objectives and work packages: 1. Development of in vitro and in vivo virulence models for P. gingivalis. 2. Evaluation of enzyme inhibitors using purified recombinant P. gingivalis DPP4. 3. Evaluation of DPP/protease inhibitors in bacterial in vitro and in vivo models. 4. SAR and optimisation of the lead compounds. 5. Biochemical characterisation of lead compound-target enzyme interactions.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Cos Paul
• Co-promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Co-promoter: Lambeir Anne-Marie
• Co-promoter: Maes Louis
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

• Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Due to the unique structure of proline, relatively few peptidases are able to cleave peptide bonds containing proline. Many biologically active peptides contain an evolutionary conserved proline residue as a proteolytic-processing regulatory element, and therefore proline-specific peptidases are expected to be important 'check-point' controls with great potential as targets for drug discovery. Remarkably, in humans, all enzymes specific for cleaving of a Pro-Xaa bond, are found in clan SC. They share a serine nucleophile and a catalytic triad being in the linear order Ser-Asp-His. This project aims at the development of powerful and selective inhibitors for the catalytically active Pro-Xaa peptidases (DPP IV, DPP II, DPP 8, DPP 9, FAP and POP). Inhibitors will be used primarily for the full functional characterization of the different enzymes and, if possible, for their further validation as therapeutic targets. Inhibitors of DPP IV have been shown to be applicable in the treatment of type II diabetes, while for the other proteins, applications in the domains of oncology (FAP), immunology (DPP II) and the influencing of learning processes and memory (POP) have been proposed. For the rational design of inhibitor molecules, three main elements are used: enzymatic mechanism, substrate specificity, and 3D structure (modeling techniques). In the synthesis of inhibitors, combinatorial and parallel synthetic technologies are applied where feasible. Finally, the biochemical evaluation of compounds is carried out in close collaboration with experts in the field.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Co-promoter: Haemers Achiel
• Fellow: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The enzymatic activity of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) was recently shown to have a positive influence on tumor growth and mestastasis. This project is concerned with the systematic development of potent and selective inhibitors of FAP, with potential use in the further functional characterisation of the enzyme and the treatment of malignant diseases.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The research application proposes a further extension of our efforts to develop potent and selective inhibitors for the target proteins, with a strong preference for enzymes involved in parasitic diseases as malaria and trypanosomiasis. In addition to the mere development of compounds with high activity and selectivity, we consider the development or the optimisation of synthetic methodologies for their preparation as an equally valid objective, as well as their funrther structural modification in order to obtain products with desirable pharmacokinetic profiles. A second objective is to investigate the selectivity of inhibitors that were reported by our and other groups with respect to related enzymes.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Augustyns Koen
• Co-promoter: Haemers Achiel
• Co-promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Inhibitors of the proline selective dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV) are currently under clinical trials for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Using a proteome-wide scanning approach, we wish to map the in vivo binding partners of selected DPP IV inhibitors. Information obtained from this study can be relevant in selecting inhibitors for drug development or the preparation of new inhibitors with maximal DPP IV selectivity.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Due to the unique structure of proline, relatively few peptidases are able to cleave peptide bonds containing proline. Many biologically active peptides contain an evolutionary conserved proline residue as a proteolytic-processing regulatory element, and therefore proline-specific peptidases are expected to be important 'check-point' controls with great potential as targets for drug discovery. Remarkably, in humans, all enzymes specific for cleaving of a Pro-Xaa bond, are found in clan SC. They share a serine nucleophile and a catalytic triad being in the linear order Ser-Asp-His. This project aims at the development of powerful and selective inhibitors for the catalytically active Pro-Xaa peptidases (DPP IV, DPP II, DPP 8, DPP 9, FAP and POP). Inhibitors will be used primarily for the full functional characterization of the different enzymes and, if possible, for their further validation as therapeutic targets. Inhibitors of DPP IV have been shown to be applicable in the treatment of type II diabetes, while for the other proteins, applications in the domains of oncology (FAP), immunology (DPP II) and the influencing of learning processes and memory (POP) have been proposed. For the rational design of inhibitor molecules, three main elements are used: enzymatic mechanism, substrate specificity, and 3D structure (modeling techniques). In the synthesis of inhibitors, combinatorial and parallel synthetic technologies are applied where feasible. Finally, the biochemical evaluation of compounds is carried out in close collaboration with experts in the field.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Haemers Achiel
• Fellow: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

• Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Dipeptidylpeptidase IV is an important target enzyme in the development of new drugs with antidiabetic and immunomodulating activity. Prolinephosfonates were developed as irreversible inhibitors of this enzym. These compounds were shown to be very active in "in vivo" testssystems. In this project the prolinephosphonate structure will be optimised by introducing fluoroalkene- and phosphinamide moieties.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Haemers Achiel
• Fellow: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Dipeptidylpeptidase IV is an important target enzyme in the development of new drugs with antidiabetic and immunomodulating activity. Prolinephosfonates were developed as irreversible inhibitors of this enzym. These compounds were shown to be very active in "in vivo" testssystems. In this project the prolinephosphonate structure will be optimised by introducing fluoroalkene- and phosphinamide moieties.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Haemers Achiel
• Fellow: Van Der Veken Pieter

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project