Research Wim Van den bergh

Abstract

Roads are indispensable to our daily lives, promoting mobility and supporting socio-economic interactions. However, the impact caused during their construction (i.e. extraction and transport of raw materials, and production) cannot be disregarded. Moreover, asphalt will be used for the next decades in road infrastructures because of its pragmatic applicability; therefore, it is crucial to identify ways to mitigate their environmental influence and make them more sustainable. The BioROAD2 project seeks to participate in the ongoing research by applying circular economy principles encouraging the reuse/ recycling of asphalt and bio-waste and bio-by-products – often limited due to regulations, performance blockers, and technological challenges – into new paving materials to decrease the use of virgin and fossil resources. It also aims to emphasise the benefits of low-energy-consuming processes fostering the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and related issues. BioROAD2 will highlight the overall benefits of all phases of pavement development, including its circularity, often neglected during the R&D phase. Therefore, BioROAD2 will adopt an integrated approach ensured by a three-pillar R&I strategy including (1) Requirements definition, (2) Experimental studies through Design and Characterisation combined with (3) Sustainability assessments addressing the technical, environmental and socio-economic compatibility. The objectives are to (i) specify and document the criteria for the materials and suitable use area validation and propose a unique, flexible, and verifiable self-devised method supported by literature; (ii) produce samples, verify their recyclability and identify the best mixtures; and (iii) conduct rigorous sustainability assessments for the selected mixtures and translate the results into knowledge that can be exploited as a generalised approach for biobased and recycled paving materials with optimised and advanced durability for road infrastructures.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van den bergh Wim
• Fellow: Makoundou Christina

Research team(s)

• Sustainable Pavements and Asphalt Research (SuPAR)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This research proposal aims to advance the understanding and optimization of hydronic asphalt pavements, where embedded pipes function as a "floor-heating system", for clean and sustainable energy harvesting and enhanced structural integrity. The study addresses the complex interaction between the fluid flow field inside the embedded pipes and on the pavement surface, asphalt and fluid temperature fluctuations, and mechanical responses (changes in asphalt stiffness), investigating their collective impact on the mechanical behaviour of hydronic pavements. Novel experimental techniques, such as Digital Image Correlation and Fiber Bragg Grating sensors, will be employed to examine cracking behaviour and stress/strain distribution under various conditions. The research comprises three main objectives: assessing structural integrity and mechanical properties using advanced technologies such as X-ray computed tomography, developing a comprehensive Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical finite element model, and optimizing energy-harvesting capacity while preserving structural performance. This multidisciplinary approach aims to fill gaps in existing research by combining insights from material testing, experimental studies, and advanced numerical modelling. The outcomes will contribute to recommendations and guidelines for the optimum design of hydronic asphalt pavements, which can be implemented in future design and construction for resilient infrastructure and renewable energy systems.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Vuye Cedric
• Co-promoter: Van den bergh Wim
• Fellow: Ghalandari Mohammadtaher

Research team(s)

• Sustainable Pavements and Asphalt Research (SuPAR)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

In Europe, over 90% of European roads are surfaced with asphalt, and the sustainability goal serves as a central driver for reclaimed asphalt recycling. Rejuvenation technology has been developed for 100% recyclability of asphalt by adding rejuvenators and restoring chemo-rheological properties of aged bitumen. However, most rejuvenators are derived from non-renewable petroleum sources, and it is essential to develop renewable bio-based rejuvenators. The exploration of bio-rejuvenators is still in its early stages, with limited research focusing on the fundamentals behind the rejuvenation mechanism. As such, this project aims to develop a bottom-up multiscale evaluation framework for assessing the cohesion/adhesion performance of bio-rejuvenated bitumen (BORBs). Chemical techniques and nano-mechanics will first detect chemical and nanoscale cohesive/adhesive properties of BORBs, considering the role of bio-rejuveneator/aged bitumen types and conditioning factors. Subsequently, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations will be conducted to predict the molecular-scale debonding behaviors of BORBs. Lastly, MD simulation outputs will be connected with macroscale mechanical results, serving as input parameters for micromechanical modelling. Overall, this work will propose a trans-scale performance evaluation scheme for BORBs, facilitating the design of effective bio-rejuvenator formulations with high-quality rejuvenation efficiency in both cohesion and adhesion aspects.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van den bergh Wim
• Fellow: Ren Shisong

Research team(s)

• Sustainable Pavements and Asphalt Research (SuPAR)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The Flemish infrastructure sector faces a major challenge to implement new technologies such as IoT sensors, AI, VR, XR, digital 3D modelling packages, BIM software, 3D scanning technology, drones and business models based on internal and external, whether or not real-time not real-time data flow, to be implemented. Digital Information Management (DIM) in Infrastructure (DIMInfra) is an information management model that allows, through improved internal and external information flows, to optimise business processes and thus achieve efficiency gains. In addition, DIM opens the way to new business opportunities for companies throughout the value chain. Central in the ecosystem are the contractors class 4 to 8. They form the bridge between, on the one hand, the target group 'Execution' target group (Surveyors, Subcontractors and suppliers, including transport firms and software suppliers) and on the other hand the 'Construction Partner' target group (Building owners, including contracting cities/municipalities and Flemish infrastructure managers, Consultancy companies, Control and certification organisations). Concrete goals of the project are: Encourage companies to implement the DIM model through company-specific actions by providing insight and practical demonstrations of DIM and renewed business models, thereby increasing efficiency and reducing costs. With DIMInfra, companies gain insight through a technology matrix by subgroup into emerging and promising technologies that support DIM as well as the application of these technologies within the context of the infrastructure sector. This accelerates the sector's digital transition. A final goal is to provide tools through roadmaps and digital learning modules that facilitate the implementation of DIM, in order to accelerate the roll-out of DIM in the field. The project is a collaboration between University of Antwerp and PXL Hogeschool, supported by more than 35 partners from the infrastructure sector.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van den bergh Wim
• Co-promoter: Hellinckx Peter

Research team(s)

• Sustainable Pavements and Asphalt Research (SuPAR)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Although roads are indispensable to our daily life and people can benefit from their social and economic role by enabling movement, they have a significant impact on the environment. Therefore, it is crucial to identify ways to mitigate their environmental influence and make them more sustainable. Using pavement engineering knowledge and methods, environmental and sustainability concepts and indicators, the AsSuRe Bio project seeks to integrate into the ongoing research ecosystem for sustainable and resilient roads and to focus on the recyclability, circularity, and – often neglected during the creation phase - environmental compatibility of urban pavements containing both a consequent amount of recycled asphalt and bio-waste or bio-by-products materials from other industries (up to 100%), possibly sourced in regional value chain actors. The project, jointly conducted at the Sustainable Pavements and Asphalt Research group (SuPAR) at the University of Antwerp and the Sustainability of Chemicals and Materials group at the Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials' (AMIBM-SCM) at Maastricht University, aims to address technical, environmental, and socio-economic-related aspects following a holistic and integrated approach. It aims to overcome the obstacles and challenges encountered regarding the use of such innovative materials in urban systems. Another goal is to emphasise the benefits of less and low-energy-consuming processes, the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and related issues in cities, by highlighting the overall well-being benefits and the inclusion of secondary usage and circularity. It presents the necessary steps to be taken to consider the full implementation of circular economy principles in the urban road to participate in improving the road's environmental impact ensuring safe, resilient, and sustainable infrastructures and more liveable cities.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van den bergh Wim
• Fellow: Makoundou Christina

Research team(s)

• Sustainable Pavements and Asphalt Research (SuPAR)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Because of the international mission to decrease the use of new carbon-containing resources and to regenerate waste streams, sustainable asphalt pavement solutions will need an alternative for bitumen. A very promising solution to this challenge is found in waste biomasses, as their abundance and structural similarity to bitumen make them a good candidate for partial bitumen replacement. This research will focus on two biomasses and their combination, specifically lignin and waste cooking oil, and their potential implementation in bitumen. Through an in-depth laboratory experimental program, four essential characteristics of bio-modified bitumen will be investigated to lead to scientific-based recommendations for industry stakeholders and future researchers. These four aspects consist of the biomass-bitumen mixing conditions, the short- and long-term chemo-rheological behavior of the bio-modified bitumen blends, their storage stability, as well as their adhesion properties. Therefore, with the completion of this novel and comprehensive approach; procedures and protocols will be proposed regarding the production and assessment of bio-modified bitumen for field implementation. The outcomes of this research will significantly support global sustainability goals such as decreasing carbon footprint while leading to resilient pavement infrastructure.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van den bergh Wim
• Co-promoter: Pipintakos Georgios
• Fellow: Kalama Danai Maria

Research team(s)

• Sustainable Pavements and Asphalt Research (SuPAR)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Worldwide, polymer modification is the most popular enhancement for paving bitumen as it enjoys a number of benefits in its viscoelastic performance. Like bitumen, polymers degrade over time due to the environmental conditions to which they are exposed. These deteriorative mechanisms due to oxygen, UV radiation and humidity are the reason for different distresses of polymer-modified bitumen. Current literature has well addressed this coupled phenomenon of bitumen ageing and polymer degradation from a rheological performance perspective. Little research has focused on the fundamentals behind these deteriorative mechanisms. As such, this project is a game-changer, as it will explore this material from its basis, diving into the 'whys' for such resulting phenomenological behaviour. Beyond state-of-the-art spectroscopic, microscopic and thermoanalytical techniques will first investigate the balance between the two simultaneous phenomena of polymer and bitumen deterioration as well as the role of polymer type and conditioning factors. Next, the effect of the deteriorative mechanisms on the compatibility and stability of the polymer-modified bitumen will be explored. In the last stage, the fundamental input from chemistry will be introduced via multivariate statistics in a predictive scheme for rheological performance, which will be validated in the lab. All in all, this work will propose a complete deterioration scheme for the optimum future design of polymer-modified bitumen.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van den bergh Wim
• Fellow: Pipintakos Georgios

Research team(s)

• Sustainable Pavements and Asphalt Research (SuPAR)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Surface asphalt mixtures contain polymer-modified bitumen (PMB), a performance-enhancing additive. Currently being downcycled, recycling this material would make use of its enhanced response. The main concerns are if the aged polymer can still provide the required performance when combined with virgin PMB and the formation of clusters of aggregate particles and aged bitumen that do not blend properly when recycled into new mixtures. This non-uniform distribution of components leads to localized areas of embrittled bitumen and deficient adhesion around clusters, which may result in a failure-prone material. The methodology proposed includes an in-depth investigation of the effect of aging on the long-term response of PMB blends. Furthermore, an innovative multiscale study on engineered mixtures will provide a fundamental understanding of the effect of particle clusters. The generated knowledge will then be used for mixture validation. The data generated will be used for establishing relationships between the different researched scales using theory-based machine learning. This project combines expertise from three top European institutions: University of Antwerp, EMPA, and Vienna University of Technology, with unique synergies to address the research questions posed. Such knowledge will enable developing means for reusing PMB asphalt layers for new high-performance pavements. Ultimately, the know-how will contribute to eliminate downcycling of this high-quality material.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van den bergh Wim
• Co-promoter: Hernando David
• Co-promoter: Vuye Cedric

Research team(s)

• Sustainable Pavements and Asphalt Research (SuPAR)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The development of innovative next-generation materials and technologies, by combining physics, chemistry and engineering methods, will help to increase the service life and durability of road pavements. The use of cold recycled foamed pavement base layer is drawing extensive attention due to its environmental and economic advantages. In addition, the use of fibres in warm mix foamed asphalt, showed potential to improve mechanical properties and adhesion behaviour. Despite these potential benefits of fibres in asphalt, there is limited experience and literature available on the bonding mechanism of the Fibre-Foamed Aggregate matrix (FIFA). This project aims to gain a deep understanding of the physicochemical bonding mechanism of FIFA mixtures, a new composite material with a unique visco-elastoplastic behaviour, caused by the complex interactions between the mixture constituents. Moreover, this project uses Molecular Dynamics simulations to fundamentally map the adhesion mechanism of FIFA interfaces on the one hand, and on the other hand, to explain the degradation of nanostructure by moisture action and the corresponding interface debonding. The surface free energy method will be used to acquire a reliable mechanistic approach for evaluating the moisture damage mechanism of FIFA mixtures. The results are expected to scientifically assist in the future selection of optimal material properties taking into account adhesion and moisture sensitivity.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van den bergh Wim
• Co-promoter: Lamoen Dirk
• Fellow: Barisoglu Ecem Nur

Research team(s)

• Sustainable Pavements and Asphalt Research (SuPAR)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

PIONEERS brings together four ports with different characteristics, but shared commitments towards meeting the Green Deal goals and Blue Growth socio-economic aims, in order to address the challenge for European ports of reducing GHG emissions while remaining competitive. In order to achieve these ambitions, the Ports of Antwerp, Barcelona, Venlo and Constanta will implement green port innovation demonstrations across four main pillars: clean energy production and supply, sustainable port design, modal shift and flows optimization, and digital transformation. Actions include: renewable energy generation and deployment of electric, hydrogen and methanol vehicles; building and heating networks retrofit for energy efficiency and implementation of circular economy approaches in infrastructure works; together with deployment of digital platforms (utilising AI and 5G technologies) to promote modal shift of passengers and freight, ensure optimised vehicle, vessel and container movements and allocations, and facilitate vehicle automation. These demonstrations form integrated packages aligned with other linked activities of the ports and their neighbouring city communities. Forming an Open Innovation Network for exchange, the ports, technology and support partners will progress through project phases of innovation demonstration, scale-up and cotransferability. Rigorous innovation and transfer processes will address technology evaluation and business case development for exploitation, as well as creating the institutional, regulatory and financial frameworks for green ports to flourish from technical innovation pilots to widespread solutions. These processes will inform and be undertaken in parallel with masterplan development and refinement, providing a Master Plan and roadmap for energy transition at the PIONEERS ports, and handbook to guide green port planning and implementation for different typologies of ports across Europe.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van den bergh Wim

Research team(s)

• Sustainable Pavements and Asphalt Research (SuPAR)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The province of Utrecht (the Netherlands) is considering the large-scale application of asphalt collectors in the reconstruction of the N233 Rondweg-Oost in Veenendaal. The sustainable heat to be generated by the asphalt could be used to heat homes in adjacent residential areas. An exploratory study has already been carried out into the technical-economic feasibility of the concept. Based on the results of this study, the Province sees opportunities, but now also needs to go deeper. TNO (the Netherlands) and the University of Antwerp have been asked to carry out this in-depth study.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Vuye Cedric
• Co-promoter: Hernando David
• Co-promoter: Van den bergh Wim

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Nowadays a lot of attention is being paid to the service life of new asphalt pavements; the mechanical performance of asphalt mixtures in the short and long term are always included in new projects of our research group. The testing of the dynamic modulus and fatigue resistance are two important ways to describe the mechanical properties of an asphalt mixture. In order to do so, the research group purchased a UTM (Universal Testing Machine) in 2017. However, this device, which has become very important in our research strategy in the last few years, has limitations in terms of technical specifications on the one hand, and availability due to frequent use on the other hand). In order to overcome these limitations and to guarantee the continuity of our research activities, a new device is purchased in this project to determine the performance of asphalt mixtures more advanced. The device in question is, among other tests, able to perform dynamic modulus and fatigue life tests according to the AASHTO standards, which are international references. The necessary accessories and set-ups for carrying out the intended tests are included in this project proposal.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van den bergh Wim
• Co-promoter: Cao Zhi
• Co-promoter: Vuye Cedric

Research team(s)

• Sustainable Pavements and Asphalt Research (SuPAR)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Recycling reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in new roads ensures a circular approach and increases the sustainability. In general, there are three applications for RAP: asphalt mixtures, cement bound base layer mix and unbound material. However, the selection process for any application is currently not optimized. Recent laboratory research also shows that the addition of RAP in new structures does not negatively affect the mechanical properties if the mixture and/or the structural design is optimized. However, it is important to note that these optimizations can have a major impact on the economic and environmental impact of our roads. Therefore, it is important to assess these effects at an early stage so that the most sustainable solution can be chosen. This research will implement life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) in road design to analyse the environmental and economic impact of the use of RAP in new roads. The first part will focus on the recycling potential of RAP. It will optimize the recycling process and determines the salvage value of RAP as a resource. Next, RAP will be used in a new cycle and the impact on the whole life cycle of roads will be examined. Finally, the LCA and LCCA will be combined and an optimization process will be designed which can be implemented in road design so the most sustainable material flow for RAP can be determined.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Audenaert Amaryllis
• Co-promoter: Van den bergh Wim
• Fellow: Moins Ben

Research team(s)

• Energy and Materials in Infrastructure and Buildings

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

In Flanders, more and more attention is being paid to sustainable road structures, but rather to the pavement. In the next decades, we will also have to renew the foundations and sub-foundations of existing roads in the most sustainable way possible. Only this will allow us to perpetuate our road infrastructure, which is of primary economic and social importance, for generations to come. Abroad, we see more and more innovative use of materials for foundations: new material types (e.g geopolymers) and production technologies (e.g. emulsions, foamed bitumen). In this project, one of the promising innovative technologies was deployed: recycling old asphalt pavements into bonded foundations with foamed bitumen technology. With this technology, the existing asphalt is first milled off and crushed into an aggregate. The aggregate is then processed with a hydraulic binder and foamed bitumen to form a semi-bound mixture (FOAM). FOAM is then transported to the site and compacted (cold), just like unbound foundation material. Optionally, the process can even be done in situ, with emulsion and the foundation present. In this project, the asphalt was crushed and reduced to granules near the job site and mixed in ambient temperature to form a bitumen-bonded mixture. Being able to mill, mix and process on site mainly saves transport, leading to a lower environmental impact and economic balance. This project included a market study, an elaborated lab methodology to design quality mixtures with an alternative compaction that is more applicable to contractors, process control guidelines, an elaborated road design methodology with standard structures, the construction of two trial sections with different sections and a comprehensive LCA-LCCA calculation showing that this road structure is a favourable alternative to bonded and unbonded foundations. The use of FOAM allows more road construction materials to be economically recycled on site, with equivalent mechanical quality and less environmental impact.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van den bergh Wim
• Co-promoter: Audenaert Amaryllis
• Co-promoter: Blom Johan
• Co-promoter: Craeye Bart
• Co-promoter: Vuye Cedric

Research team(s)

Project website

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The main aim of this research is to identify the barriers preventing the use of recycled tire rubber in Belgian asphalt road surfaces and to develop market-ready solutions that can be presented to road authorities. The main expected results within the second phase of this project are the following: scaling up of the rubber modified bitumen to asphalt applications, leaching tests, analysis of the recyclability and an LCA/LCC study of rubber modified asphalt. The final work package includes the necessary follow-up steps to install the final product in one or more test tracks and finally get it approved for the Belgian market.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Vuye Cedric
• Co-promoter: Audenaert Amaryllis
• Co-promoter: Blom Johan
• Co-promoter: Van den bergh Wim

Research team(s)

• Sustainable Pavements and Asphalt Research (SuPAR)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

CEFET-MG (Brazil) and UAntwerpen started a joint Phd in order to investigate the use of geopolymers and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement aggregates (RAP) as an alternative for cement-treated base material for road.The main objective of this PhD research is to determine whether a concrete produced with "Alkali Activated" binder and RAP aggregates as replacement for natural aggregates, can yield a material (RAP-AAM) with acceptable strength, durability and low environmental impact to be used as subbase/base layers of pavements. The project contains an extensive experimental test program in order to validate several geopolymers and the binding with RAP. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy is used to evaluate the bonding area on mortars and Digital Image Correlation will reveal the effect of bending mechanism on the mixtures. An LCA will calculate the environmental impact of geopolymers as an alternative for cement.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van den bergh Wim
• Fellow: Oliveira Costa Juliana

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) offers a unique tool for the characterization of paramagnetic systems found in biological and synthetic materials. It is used in very diverse fields, such as biology, chemistry, physics, medicine and materials sciences. EPR is a global name for many different techniques, of which the pulsed EPR spectroscopies are the most versatile ones, able to reveal very detailed structural information. The University of Antwerp hosts a pulsed and high-field EPR facility that is unique in Belgium. However, the basic continuous-wave EPR instrumentation that underlies this facility needs urgent upgrade. Moreover in recent years, the technical realization of arbitrary waveform generators (AWGs) with clock rates higher than a gigahertz has initiated a new era in EPR spectroscopy. These AWGs allow for novel experiments with shaped pulses through which more detailed information about the systems under study can be obtained. Use of these shaped pulses avails enormously increased sensitivity and spectral width. This is particularly important for the study of nanostructured materials and the detection of transiently formed active sites during catalysis, device operation or biological in-cell reactions, topics of major interest for the consortium. The requested extension of the EPR facility is essential to assure that EPR at UAntwerp remains at the forefront in this rapidly changing field.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van Doorslaer Sabine
• Co-promoter: Breugelmans Tom
• Co-promoter: Cambré Sofie
• Co-promoter: Dewilde Sylvia
• Co-promoter: Maes Bert
• Co-promoter: Meynen Vera
• Co-promoter: Van den bergh Wim
• Co-promoter: Verbruggen Sammy

Research team(s)

• Biophysics and Biomedical Physics
• Theory and Spectroscopy of Molecules and Materials (TSM²)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Asphalt pavements need to be able to withstand the effects of weather (i.e. UV, rain, and freeze-thaw cycles) and (heavy) traffic loading during their service life, while maintaining the necessary mechanical performance, e.g. limited rutting, fatigue resistance and water resistance, and providing comfortable and safe driving conditions in terms of the surface properties, taking into account mostly skid resistance and texture. Recently, not only investigations related to the mechanical performance or overall environmental impact of asphalt pavements are conducted, but more attention is given towards smart pavements, e.g. photocatalytic pavements. In most cases, TiO2 nanoparticles (semiconductor material) are used in the field of photocatalysis for many purposes, mostly for air and water-pollutant photocatalytic degradation, as it is effective, non-toxic, easily available and cheap. Due to the huge surface area of road pavements and its vicinity to the exhaust gases from automobiles, the photocatalytic capability is quoted as promising for air-cleaning. TiO2 is able to react under UV-light (only 3-5% of the sunlight spectrum) with pollutant gases, such as NOx and SO2, creating water-soluble nitrates and sulfates respectively, which are easily removed from the asphalt pavement by rain. It also has the potential to degrade soot, (spilled) oil and volatile organic compounds (VOC). In this project, we want i) to further investigate further the effects of traffic on the photocatalytic efficiency, ii) to determine possible effects on traffic safety (skid resistance) and iii) to develop an in-situ test setup to measure the NOx reduction.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Vuye Cedric
• Co-promoter: Blom Johan
• Co-promoter: Denys Siegfried
• Co-promoter: Tytgat Tom
• Co-promoter: Van den bergh Wim

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

As both present gyratory compactors are at the end of their lifespan (purchase in 2000 and 2008), with numerous calibration issues and temporary failure, a new gyratory compactor for research purposes is budgetted on this project. This device is essential as a first step in asphalt research as many standardized test methods, such as fatigue and water sensitivity, have to use specimens compacted according to EN 12697-31. With this device, cylindrical asphalt test pieces with a diameter of 100 or 150 mm are compacted, including the real-time monitoring and measurement of important research parameters such as the percentage of air voids and the shear stress. In addition, the height and apparent volumetric mass of the specimen can be checked and displayed. All necessary accessories such as molds for both standard and warm mix asphalt mixtures are included in this project proposal.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Vuye Cedric
• Co-promoter: Blom Johan
• Co-promoter: Van den bergh Wim

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

In this project, an innovative methodology is developed by using Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope (LSCM) to investigate the behaviour of bituminous binders and mortar under specific physical and mechanical conditions including the impact of several additives. Bitumen, an oil derivate, is an important binder used in asphalt mixtures, roofing materials and emulsions. Regarding the circular economy, a higher recycling rate and increased service life is expected for future application, as it provides both economic and ecological benefits: a base layer with 40% reclaimed asphalt is about 25% cheaper and its total environmental impact is reduced by 6% (based on an LCA-study). An increased service life and quality avoids mobility problems, damage, fast deterioration etc. In most cases, both aspects are proven by mechanical tests in laboratory. However, efficient use of this material demands more and more scientific insight in the fundamental structural behaviour of bitumen. In order to enhance the current sustainability vision of 'closing loops', besides the mechanical properties, also the physico-chemical aspects must be taken into account, especially for higher recycling rates, fibre reinforcement, and additives improving healing and fatigue resistance. Moreover, both the development of innovative technologies, such as smart fibres in bitumen, and understanding the behaviour of the bituminous mixture, e.g. the ageing mechanism, need validated physico-chemical models. In this project, both methodologies, mechanical and physico-chemical aspects, are used to investigate the properties of the same bituminous samples (bitumen and mortar). A new technology is introduced and validated: the latest Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope (LSCM) allows for measurements across a 50 mm area with nanometre resolution (5 nm in Z-direction and 10 nm in the XY-direction). This technology allows to scan quickly (5 s measurement time) the bitumen surface in order to visualize aspects like bee structures (wax content) and bitumen coverage (adhesion between binder and granulate). Furthermore, the surface profile and film thicknesses are measured as well, which is important in the analysis of bitumen blending. Lastly, by combining these qualitative images with the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) methodology, it will be possible to obtain detailed quantitative results and to track changes in the bituminous mixture on a nanometre scale, e.g. during blending or healing. This technology will be used, together with mechanical tests (Dynamic Shear Rheometer, Direct tensile tests, Fraass bending point) to investigate the ageing/healing process, blending of old and new bitumen during recycling, and optimized use of additives, such as fibres, crumb rubber and rejuvenators. The project is divided into three steps: - integration of this new high-tech equipment, especially adjusted for bitumen research, in our bitumen laboratory, including Matlab software for data analysis; - development of a methodology for testing bituminous samples using an LSCM to fully understand bitumen morphology and physico-chemical mechanisms, related to ageing/healing, improved use of additives and as verification for mechanical tests. An opensource database of 6 binders, containing the physico-chemical and rheological properties, will be available and a secured database with the special binders will be available for collaborative research. - valorisation trajectories for designing new materials in a bituminous matrix, such as smart fibres or enhanced crumb rubber modified bitumen.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van den bergh Wim
• Co-promoter: Blom Johan
• Co-promoter: Vuye Cedric

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

In this project we will use drones to detect and monitor damage in infrastructure: wind turbines, bridges, buildings, solar panels, pavements, etc. Firstly, an overview of available path planning tools will be given. Secondly, we will develop machine learning tools to automatically detect damage (cracks, potholes, corrosion). The third aim of the project is the development of a methodology to allow a systematic comparison of repeated drone based camera measurements. During the project 9 case studies will be performed. The project is performed by UAntwerpen and WTCB together with a large consortium of companies active in drone based inspections or owners of infrastructure.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Vanlanduit Steve
• Co-promoter: Van den bergh Wim
• Co-promoter: Vuye Cedric

Research team(s)

• Industrial Vision Lab (InViLab)

Project website

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The main purpose of this research is to identify the barriers which inhibit currently the use of tyre-derived crumb rubber in Belgian asphalt roads and to develop different market-ready solutions that can be introduced to the road authorities. The main expected results for phase I of this research are the following: detection of possible toxicity and health issues when using crumb rubber as bitumen modification (e.g. measurement of the volatile organic compounds or VOCs) and comparison of the mechanical and rheological properties of crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRmB) with commercial polymer modified bitumen (PmB).

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Blom Johan
• Co-promoter: Van den bergh Wim
• Co-promoter: Vuye Cedric

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

Reclaimed asphalt is usually reintroduced into the asphalt production cycle as asphalt granulate, mainly in base courses. With an average reuse ratio of 66% for asphalt granulate, there is still a final step to be taken to optimise reuse and/or broaden the scope of application, for example use in top layers. Rejuvebit aims to technically, economically and ecologically evaluate the use of rejuvenation agents in the asphalt sector, so that their innovative use can lead to an increase in the recycling percentage of released asphalt granulate. The review and market survey of the supply of rejuvenation agents leads to a ranking of potential rejuvenation agents for the Flemish asphalt sector. On the basis of 6 demonstrative trial sites in Flanders, the technical impact of the use of rejuvenation agents was evaluated at the level of mixture design pre-study, mechanical properties of the post-study and traceability. These demonstrations were intensively documented by means of a written final report and a publicly accessible website. Each test section was divided into subsections so that, in addition to a reference, variants were also constructed. The project provides for the reporting of the quantification of the environmental impact and economic feasibility for Flanders, with scenarios for asphalt plants, processability and life span, in relation to a reference, in order to increase the recycling rate at sector level and per type of mixture. The project results were communicated through reports, the project website (https://www.uantwerpen.be/en/research-groups/emib/rejuvebit/) and various presentations. The project deals with sustainability in the sense of technical durability (quality and life span) and sustainability (financial feasibility, ecological profile and social impact). The economic impact refers to a higher production of asphalt and more in-depth innovation studies for "greener asphalt", since the increase in recycling (both higher percentages and new applications) will not lead to lower turnover but to higher production for the same budget of the client. In this project, the direct economic effect (for the target group) is calculated for the 6 test surfaces (cost price balance with higher recycling and extension of service life). The social added value is to be found in a better preservation of the road infrastructure (demonstrated in this project by means of lab test results and afterwards by having test surfaces available) and a lower ecological footprint with a higher production quantity, demonstrated in this project by means of comparative LCA-studies of the 6 test surfaces. This quantification can subsequently be used by policy makers for further environmental measures in this sector, or as an example in other sectors. The project was successfully completed. The project has shown that the use of asphalt granulate in top layers is possible up to 40% and in baselayers up to 80%, provided that a rejuvenating agent is used. The test sites are monitored annually for further evaluation. More info via: https://www.uantwerpen.be/en/research-groups/emib/rers/projects/highlighted/rejuvebit/

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van den bergh Wim
• Co-promoter: Audenaert Amaryllis
• Co-promoter: Blom Johan

Research team(s)

Project website

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project focuses on collecting and verifying reliable deformation data of asphalt pavements by using Fiber Bragg Grating sensors. These sensors are already integrated in a bicycle path at the University of Antwerp (project CyPaTs at Campus Groenenborger). FBG is a new technology for measuring deformations in a material, e.g. by external loading. In asphalt pavement, the service life of the lower positioned asphalt layers is directly related to these deformations, loadings and rest periods between loadings. Nowadays, this service life is monitored by Falling Weight Deflection (FWD) measurements only for primary road network and each two years. These measurements are time-consuming, expensive and the road needs to be closed for a certain time. The FBG technology could give a solution to measure these deformations continuously for a lower cost. Moreover, FBG will give more insight in the deformation under all available conditions (temperature of the road, different loadings, rest periods). In order to predict service life, an asphalt response model needs to be developed, based on a monitoring program over at least 1 year. The project will allow to determine long-term ageing and healing properties of the pavement. In this project both technology domains will be used: FBG data will give the deformations in the structure in such a way that the parameters of a visco-elastic plastic asphalt model are optimized continuously. The installed FBG monitoring system of CyPats will be used in this project. Data will be gathered by means of a monitoring campaign in normal conditions (climate) and forced-conditioned on site; calibrated loadings and rest periods. These data will be used for fitting the parameters of a simple response model by Young modulus. The data can be used in future work for parametric fit in more complex models, e.g. a visco-elastic (Burgers) and a visco-elastic plastic model (Huet-Sayegh). A first step will be taken in this project. A challenge to be encountered is to distinguish the effect of ageing and healing, e.g. increase of resistance to deformation during a rest period after a loading set. In current models these are not taken into account and the expected service life has to be estimated by doing FWD tests with a lot of variance in results. Moreover, in the FBG setting, the ageing is monitored continuously. This will give insight in the ageing mechanism in time of asphalt pavements allowing to use this factor as fundamental knowledge. The ageing factor will be used in a complex response model and in a prediction model for estimated service life. Moreover in the future, with this knowledge, a new ageing method under laboratory conditions can be developed based on the measurements on site. The project work program consists of 3 workpackages. The first workpackage focuses on the signal processing of optical FBG spectra i.e. how to determine the peak shifts in order to obtain a correct strain value. workpackage 2 focuses on the identification of the Young modulus from FBG vibration measurements using the so-called inverse modelling approach to identify the mechanical material properties of the different layers of the asphalt, starting from a simple elastic Young's modulus model. Workpackage 3 deals with the monitoring of the Young modulus in time on the asphalt pavement structure of CyPaTs bicycle path during 24 months, and relating these to more complex models.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van den bergh Wim
• Co-promoter: Vanlanduit Steve

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

In this study the cause of damage to drilled OSA cores is researched. The study includes visual examination, queries related to the damage, analysis of previous research. Objective: cause of damage, conclusions and possible recommendations for follow-up and new tests.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van den bergh Wim

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

The objective of this project is to develop and implement a robust IT architecture with a digital portal. This system allows the communication between all active parties of the asphalt sector during a construction work and stores data for later interventions. The architecture allows in each step and for each partner and device to communicate in real time in order to achieve an effective process. The project includes four demonstration cases.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van den bergh Wim
• Co-promoter: Hellinckx Peter

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

In this project, a study is performed in order to compose and design an optimal mix of fibers. The project team consists of UA-members in cooperation with an industrial partner. This fiber mix will lead to a more durable asphalt mixture for top layers, as an alternative to polymer bitumen. The test program includes: selection of the fiber, optimizing the fiber blend, experimental testing with i.a. wheel rutting tests and ravelling tests, research in the bituminous mortar and an analysis related to recycling of fibre-reinforced asphalt mixtures.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van den bergh Wim

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand the Flemish Public Service. UA provides the Flemish Public Service research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Van den bergh Wim
• Co-promoter: Vuye Cedric

Research team(s)

Project type(s)

• Research Project

Abstract

This project represents a formal research agreement between UA and on the other hand City of Antwerp. UA provides City of Antwerp research results mentioned in the title of the project under the conditions as stipulated in this contract.

Researcher(s)

• Promoter: Vuye Cedric
• Co-promoter: Van den bergh Wim

Research team(s)

Project website

Project type(s)

• Research Project